INDICE

SAGGI

Marco Calabrò – Abusivismo edilizio e tutela del suolo quale matrice ambientale: per una valorizzazione del potere sostitutivo del Prefetto
Domenico D’orsogna, Marina D’orsogna, Giovanni Maciocco – Note critiche in tema di “vestizione” dei vincoli paesaggistici
Gaetano Armao – Considerazioni sul “Piano Mattei” e la nuova cooperazione allo sviluppo in Africa
Carla Maria Saracino – Appalti per l’innovazione: principi e regole di sostenibilità
Gerardo Sola – l controllo del Consiglio sulla Giunta negli statuti regionali ad oltre ventiquattro anni dalla riforma del Titolo V
Alma Lucia Giuseppina Tarantino – La negoziabilità del potere amministrativo alla prova di un nuovo modello di sperimentazione giuridica: l’accordo di collaborazione nella fase di esecuzione del contratto

LA DOTTRINA DIALOGA CON LA GIURISPRUDENZA

Andrea Maltoni – Gli ‘appalti verdi’ nella disciplina del Codice dei contratti pubblici e nel PAN GPP 2023. Orientamenti giurisprudenziali difformi in tema di CAM
Antonio Caterino – La gestione del contratto pubblico tra revisione prezzi, modifiche contrattuali e rinegoziazione. Riflessioni sul riparto di giurisdizione alla luce della giurisprudenza amministrativa
Giuseppe Di Giacinto – Le infrastrutture di comunicazione elettronica tra trasparenza e celerità: l’omessa pubblicizzazione dell’istanza autorizzatoria

L’ANGOLO DELLE LIBERTÀ

Antonio Ruggeri – L’autonomia siciliana e le istituzioni

L'articolo Nuove Autonomie – Numero 1-2026 proviene da Nuove Autonomie.

1. Un recente studio della Banca d’Italia, analizzando la composizione delle entrate degli atenei italiani, ha dimostrato come, a fronte di finanziamenti pubblici pressoché proporzionali al numero degli studenti, le università delle aree in ritardo, ed in particolare quelle del Mezzogiorno, ma soprattutto insulari, siano penalizzate dalla minore capacità contributiva degli studenti, dalla minore capacità-possibilità di attingere ad altre fonti, come quelle da privati o provenienti dalla Unione Europea e, più in generale, dalla complessiva debolezza del sistema economico. Un dato appare emblematico, risultando non solo epifenomeno del divario economico nazionale, ma anche dell’ulteriore tendenza degli studenti meridionali ad “emigrare” verso le università del centro-nord. Come rilevato dall’ANVUR, l’importo delle entrate per studente derivante dal pagamento delle tasse negli atenei delle regioni del Nord raggiunge il doppio di quello delle Isole, mentre risulta di circa il 30% superiore a quello del Centro e del 60% rispetto a quello del Sud. Sotto altro profilo le dinamiche demografiche, che già segnano una marcata spinta centrifuga per diplomati e laureati, svolgeranno in termini tendenziali, e difficilmente controvertibili nel medio termine, un pesante effetto ulteriormente depressivo per gli atenei del Mezzogiorno in controtendenza con la strategia di sviluppo per il Sud e le Isole che punta alla valorizzazione dei suoi centri culturali e di produzione scientifica.

L'articolo Il finanziamento statale dell’Università ed il principio di coesione insulare proviene da Nuove Autonomie.

INDICE

Massimo Midiri – Indirizzi di saluto
Aldo Sandulli – Pensieri primi sulle riforme universitarie
Antonio Sorce – Saluti del Direttore generale
Maria Immordino – Introduzione

I Sessione – I controlli interni e la sostenibilità economico-finanziaria Presiede Anna Luisa Carra
Anna Luisa Carra – I controlli interni e la sostenibilità economico-finanziaria
Alberto Rigoni – Il ruolo del Collegio dei revisori nella moderna Università
Claudia Tubertini – I controlli per la prevenzione della corruzione e la trasparenza nelle Università 

II Sessione – I controlli interni e la performance universitaria Presiede Maria Immordino
Sabrina Luccarini – Le competenze dei Nuclei di Valutazione e la dimensione plurale dei controlli sulla performance universitaria
Caterina Ventimiglia – La performance universitaria tra complessità del quadro regolatorio dei sistemi di controllo e valutazione ed esigenze di semplificazione

III Sessione – I controlli interni tra processi di assicurazione della qualità e politiche per l’inclusione, la parità e l’uguaglianza di genere Presiede Maria Immordino
Stefana Milioto – I processi di assicurazione della Qualità
Beatrice Pasciuta – Gender gap e governance accademica. Il caso dell’Università di Palermo (2021-2026)

IV Sessione – Gli attuali processi di riforma Presiede Sergio Perongini
Sergio Perongini – Gli attuali processi di riforma
Ruggiero Dipace – I processi di riforma del sistema universitario tra garanzie di sviluppo e profili di criticità
Alessandro Morelli – Gli attuali processi di riforma del sistema universitario nel prisma dei principi costituzionali
Fabrizio Tigano – La riforma del reclutamento dei ricercatori e dei professori universitari nel prisma del diritto all’istruzione
Alfredo Contieri – La riforma dell’Anvur
Elisa D’Alterio – Lo status del professore universitario: dalla ragion d’essere alle regole del sistema
Nicola Gullo – La valutazione della didattica dei docenti universitari
Gaetano Armao – Il finanziamento statale dell’Università ed il principio di coesione insulare
Giuseppe Verde – Conclusioni

L'articolo Nuove Autonomie – Numero 3-2025 – Speciale proviene da Nuove Autonomie.

Abstract
Il contributo esamina il “Piano Mattei” (d.l. 161/2023, conv. dalla l. 2/2024) quale svolta nella politica estera italiana verso l’Africa. L’Autore ne ricostruisce il contesto – trasformazioni demografiche, crescente influenza di attori extraeuropei, insufficienza delle politiche euro-mediterranee – e l’architettura normativo-istituzionale: Cabina di regia, struttura di missione, ruolo della Cassa depositi e prestiti, nel quadro della riforma della cooperazione allo sviluppo (l. 125/2014). Sul piano sostanziale, il saggio sottolinea il superamento dell’approccio assistenziale, unilaterale e paternalistico che ha a lungo connotato le relazioni euro-africane, in favore di un modello fondato sul partenariato paritario, sul mutuo interesse, sulla condivisione di saperi e tecnologie e sullo sviluppo autocentrato delle comunità africane. Tale impostazione, ispirata al metodo relazionale di Enrico Mattei, mira a coinvolgere l’intero “sistema-Italia” – istituzioni, imprese, università, società civile – in un ecosistema di cooperazione che si radichi in termini strutturali. L’Autore evidenzia altresì la necessità di una sinergia con il “Global Gateway” dell’Unione europea, onde evitare la frammentazione degli interventi e raccogliere la responsabilità epocale di un nuovo ruolo dell’Europa in un’Africa ormai protagonista dello sviluppo globale.

Considerations on the ‘Mattei Plan’ and the Emerging Framework of Development Cooperation in Africa

This article examines the “Piano Mattei” (Decree-Law No. 161/2023, converted into Law No. 2/2024) as a turning point in Italian foreign policy towards Africa. The Author reconstructs the broader context – demographic transformations, the growing influence of non-European actors, and the inadequacy of Euro-Mediterranean policies – as well as the Plan’s regulatory and institutional architecture: the Steering Committee (Cabina di regia), the Mission Unit (struttura di missione), and the role of Cassa Depositi e Prestiti, within the framework of the reform of development cooperation (Law No. 125/2014). On a substantive level, the essay highlights the departure from the assistance-based, unilateral and paternalistic approach that has long characterised Euro-African relations, in favour of a model grounded in equal partnership, mutual interest, the sharing of knowledge and technology, and the self-centred development of African communities. This approach, inspired by the relational method of Enrico Mattei, seeks to engage the entire “Italy-system” – institutions, enterprises, universities and civil society – in a structurally rooted cooperation ecosystem. The Author further underscores the need for synergy with the European Union’s “Global Gateway”, so as to avoid the fragmentation of initiatives and to embrace the epochal responsibility of a new European role in an Africa that has now become a protagonist of global development.

L'articolo Considerazioni sul “Piano Mattei” e la nuova cooperazione allo sviluppo in Africa proviene da Nuove Autonomie.

Abstract

Il contributo si concentra sull’attuazione del principio di coesione insulare a due anni dall’entrata in vigore e, in particolare, si sofferma su taluni profili della sentenza della Corte costituzionale 30 maggio 2024, n. 95 la quale ha dichiarato l’inammissibilità ed infondatezza delle norme impugnate da parte della Regione autonoma Sardegna. La statuizione d’inammissibilità sul ricorso che ha invocato all’applicazione del principio introdotto dall’art. 119, sesto comma, Cost., nel 2022 appare sostanzialmente elusiva sino a configurare un’occasione mancata per la declinazione giurisprudenziale della coesione insulare.

The “principle of island cohesion” and the uncertain interpretation of the Constitutional Court.

The contribution focuses on the implementation of the principle of island cohesion two years after its entry into force and, in particular, focuses on certain aspects of the ruling of the Constitutional Court of 30 May 2024, no. 95, which ruled the inadmissibility and groundlessness of the provisions challenged by the Autonomous Region of Sardinia. The ruling of inadmissibility on the appeal that invoked the application of the principle introduced by art. 119, sixth paragraph, of the Constitution, in 2022 appears substantially elusive to the point of configuring a missed opportunity for the jurisprudential declination of island cohesion.

L'articolo Il “principio di coesione insulare” e l’incerta lettura della Corte costituzionale proviene da Nuove Autonomie.

INDICE

SAGGI

Marco Calabrò – Participatory urban regeneration models: the inclusive dimension of sustainability

Raffaele Picaro – Il Building Information Modeling e la gestione digitale del ciclo di vita del contratto pubblico nel d.lgs. n. 36/2023

Fabio Saitta – Il servizio sanitario nazionale: punti fermi e prospettive evolutive

Anna Simonati – Usi civici e patrimonio culturale, fra tassonomie e profili operativi

Alberto Zito – Crisi del principio di legalità e partecipazione ai processi decisionali della pubblica amministrazione in funzione compensativa: premesse per una ricostruzione sistematica del fenomeno

Rosa Geraci – Brain drain e agevolazioni alle imprese che investono in ricerca e sviluppo nell’ordinamento giuridico italiano

Bruno Mercurio, Carolina Cappabianca – Il silenzio assenso nella formazione del permesso di costruire e dell’autorizzazione paesaggistica: fra incertezza dei rapporti e sbilanciamento degli interessi pubblici. La semplificazione che non giova

Daniela Pappadà – Il costo dell’insularità: un problema irrisolto

Vincenzo Desantis – Lo sviluppo (in)sostenibile. Come rileggere il futuro attraverso la Costituzione

Angiola Giovanna Modano – Tutela sistemica dell’ambiente e dei modelli di responsabilità nella prospettiva della bonifica dei siti contaminati

Vittorio Toffaletti – Riflessioni sulla figura del ricorrente “ad hoc” in materia ambientale nel processo amministrativo

Jacopo Vavalli – Lo Stato dinanzi alla evoluzione digitale: la funzione regolatrice del diritto amministrativo in ordine al complesso rapporto tra lo Stato costituzionale di diritto e gli “Stati digitali”

LA DOTTRINA DIALOGA CON LA GIURISPRUDENZA

Gaetano Armao – Il “principio di coesione insulare” e l’incerta lettura della Corte Costituzionale

Lidia Aiello – Paesaggio, agricoltura, energia: il modello dell’agri-voltaico

L'articolo Nuove Autonomie – Numero 1/2-2024 proviene da Nuove Autonomie.

Sommario: 1. Il regionalismo differenziato dopo la costituzionalizzazione del principio di coesione insulare. – 2. Differenziazione ed insularità: Ubi insula, ibi jus speciale. – 2.1. Le più recenti vicende del regionalismo insulare in Spagna (Isole Baleari) e Francia (Corsica). – 3. Regioni e compartecipazioni fiscali, la “predica utile” di L. Einaudi. – 4. Considerazioni conclusive.

1. Il regionalismo differenziato dopo la costituzionalizzazione del principio di coesione insulare .

Vorrei ricollegarmi, per iniziare questa riflessione, alla relazione del prof. Gardini¹ ed, in particolare, all’analisi svolta con riferimento all’esperienza spagnola ed all’ampia influenza che essa ha svolto nell’evoluzione dell’ordinamento regionale italiano, con peculiare riguardo alle Regioni speciali, per poi svolgere alcune considerazioni sul principio di coesione insulare² , il riconoscimento che esso ha avuto con l’art.119, sesto comma Cost.3 , e quella che ne profila il disegno di legge n. 615, recante «Disposizioni per l’attuazione dell’autonomia differenziata delle Regioni a statuto ordinario ai sensi dell’articolo 116, terzo comma, della Costituzione”.

L'articolo Ubi insula, ibi jus speciale. Il principio di coesione insulare alla prova del regionalismo differenziato proviene da Nuove Autonomie.

Abstract

Il contributo analizza il frammentario quadro normativo delle concessioni demaniali marittime, lacuali e fluviali con finalità turistico-ricreativa alla luce degli orientamenti della giurisprudenza domestica, con le significative pronunce del Consiglio di Stato e di quella della Corte di Giustizia dell’Unione europea, in particolare della recentissima sentenza 20 aprile 2023 (C-348/22).

State-owned maritime concessions and EU law: the end of the “time of pending»

The essay analyses the fragmented regulatory framework of state-owned maritime, lake and river concessions with tourist-recreational purposes in the Italian legal system in light of the orientations of domestic jurisprudence, with the significant pronouncements of the Council of State and that of the Court of Justice of the European Union, in particular the very recent judgment April 20, 2023 (C-348/22).

L'articolo Concessioni demaniali marittime e diritto eurounitario:la fine del “tempo delle more”* proviene da Nuove Autonomie.

1. All’inizio del ‘900 Federico Cammeo individuava il fondamento dell’intervento statale in campo sanitario, e quindi anche l’obbligatorietà del trattamento vaccinale, nell’esigenza di “avere una popolazione sana e numerosa”, poiché “la sanità e il numero della popolazione è un presupposto necessario della potenza dello Stato”¹.

In quel contesto la tutela delle condizioni di salute della popolazione era quindi attività di pubblico interesse di polizia sanitaria avuto riguardo ai pericoli scaturenti dalla diffusione della malattie, sopratutto di tipo epidemico e quindi non in considerazione del diritto personale alla tutela della salute². L’avvento della Costituzione repubblicana, con l’introduzione dell’art. 32³, ha offerto all’intervento di sanità pubblica più importante per l’umanità: i trattamenti vaccinali obbligatori, un nuovo inquadramento⁴. Sulla disposizione costituzionale si è poi innestata una copiosa giurisprudenza costituzionale⁵ ed amministrativa⁶
.

L'articolo Alle origini dell’obbligo legislativo vaccinale<br>nell’ordinamento giuridico italiano proviene da Nuove Autonomie.

Abstract

L’Autore descrive la recente riforma della disciplina regionale siciliana sul procedimento amministrativo muovendo da una ricostruzione degli spazi di autonomia normativa della Regione alla luce della giurisprudenza costituzionale, dandone una valutazione largamente positiva.

Some remarks on norms enacted by the Sicilian Region on administrative procedure

The Author describes the reform of regional law on administrative procedure enacted in Sicily approaching the topic from the perspective of the “spaces” of normative  authonomy  given to the Region. To this extent it is taken into account the Constitutional Court case law. The Author givese a positive evaluation  of the reform.

L'articolo Note minime sulla disciplina della Regione siciliana sul procedimento amministrativo proviene da Nuove Autonomie.

INDICE
DOTTRINA

Antonella Sciortino – Il ruolo della BCE nel complesso equilibrio tra tecnica e politica – 699
Silvia Tuccillo – Potere di riesame, amministrazione semplificata e “paura di amministrare” – 725
Stefano Villamena – La revoca del presidente del consiglio comunale: contributo alla individuazione della fattispecie – 751
Jacopo Vavalli – Concetti giuridici indeterminati, discrezionalità dell’amministrazione e sindacato giurisdizionale nell’esclusione dalle gare di appalto per gravi illeciti professionali – 777
Salvatore Raimondi – Considerazioni sulla disciplina delle specializzazioni forensi alla luce del D.M. 1 ottobre 2020, n. 163 – 807
Nicola Gullo – Notazioni sul regionalismo differenziato tra aspirazioni autonomistiche e solidarietà economico-sociale – 817
Valentina Prudente – L’utile attuazione dell’art. 116, co. 3, Cost. alla luce del principio di sussidiarietà – 837
Patrizia Accordino – Le “asimmetrie fiscali” tra Regioni italiane: stato dell’arte, criticità e prospettive – 853
Luca Dell’Atti – Effetti dell’autonomia differenziata sulla combinazione funzionale dei princìpi di sussidiarietà e leale collaborazione. Verso una riforma del regionalismo a Costituzione invariata? – 867
Andrea Napolitano – Il ruolo (imprescindibile) delle Camere per una corretta ed equa attuazione del regionalismo differenziato – 881
Claudia Bianca Ceffa – “Non basta dire intesa”. Ragionando sul principio di leale collaborazione fra Stato e Regioni nella prospettiva del regionalismo differenziato – 895
Giuseppe Carlo Ricciardi – Note sulla dimensione amministrativa del regionalismo differenziato – 919
Matteo Pressi – Autonomia regionale differenziata: un’occasione per ripensare l’area vasta – 907
Gaetano Armao – Note minime sulla disciplina della Regione siciliana sul procedimento amministrativo – 931

Abstract

Il ruolo della BCE nel complesso equilibrio tra tecnica e politica

di Antonella Sciortino

Il saggio affronta il tema del ruolo assunto dalla BCE nello svolgimento della politica monetaria che ha evidenziato non poche criticità sul piano della tensione tra tecnica e politica. Dopo aver ripercorso sinteticamente la nascita dell’Unione monetaria sin dall’idea del rapporto Verner del 1970 di creare una moneta unica e di conseguenza una Unione monetaria poi messa da canto per poi essere ripresa dall’allora Presidente della Commissione J. Delors che nel suo Rapporto (1989) tracciò le fasi in cui si sarebbe dovuta realizzare l’unione monetaria, il lavoro si focalizza sul ruolo assai complesso della BCE. L’indipendenza della BCE (art. 130 TFUE) viene analizzata all’interno del principio dell’indipendenza delle banche centrali nazionali e della compatibilità con il principio democratico che può trovare un primo componimento nella separazione tra autonomia nella individuazione dei fini e autonomia nella scelta dei mezzi con cui perseguirli. In questo senso almeno formalmente la BCE supera il test di compatibilità in quanto l’obiettivo del suo mandato viene individuato dalla fonte primaria sovranazionale nel mantenimento della stabilità dei prezzi escludendo a contrario altri obiettivi quali il sostegno all’occupazione o misure volte al superamento delle asimmetrie economiche tra gli Stati dell’Eurozona. Infine la parte centrale dello scritto si occupa dell’enlargement  of  functions della BCE, quale “custode della costituzione economica europea” che per fronteggiare la crisi finanziaria iniziata nel 2008 ha posto in essere e, in alcuni casi solo annunciato, operazioni non convenzionali (OMT, Q.E. solo per esemplificare) che hanno forzato l’equilibrio tra tecnica e politica e hanno riproposto con forza il problema della legittimazione democratica di un organo indipendente dal potere esecutivo e dal potere legislativo. Da qui un “dialogo fra giurisdizioni”(Tribunale costituzionale tedesco e Corte di giustizia dell’UE) segnato da importanti decisioni che hanno, fra le altre cose, evidenziato quanto sia difficile tracciare con il bisturi la linea di demarcazione tra politica monetaria (rimessa all’UE) e politica economica (rimessa agli Stati membri), ma anche quanto sia complesso affrontare il problema dei confini del sindacato giurisdizionale della CGUE di fronte ad atti caratterizzati da un alto tasso di tecnicismo. I temi che sono venuti in rilievo sono di grande spessore teorico e tutt’ora al centro di un intenso dibattito per cui possono solo essere avanzate delle ipotesi di studio come il possibile utilizzo della categoria della c.d. discrezionalità tecnica per cercare di affrontare il problema relativo al sindacato della CGUE dinanzi a materie squisitamente tecniche o mettere a punto strumenti di trasparenza e accountability della politica monetaria della BCE per cercare di arginare la mancanza di legittimazione democratica fermo restando il principio della sua indipendenza ed autonomia. Infine qualche accenno alle misure adottate durante l’emergenza pandemica.

The role of the ECB in the complex balance between technology and politics

by Antonella Sciortino

The essay deals with the issue of the role assumed by the ECB in carrying out monetary policy which has highlighted many critical issues in terms of the tension between technology and politics. After briefly tracing the birth of the Monetary Union, beginning from the idea of the Verner report of 1970 to create a single currency and, eventually, a Monetary Union which was put aside and then afterwards resumed by the then President of the Commission J. Delors, who in his Report (1989) wrote about the phases in which monetary union should have been achieved, the work focuses on the very complex role of the ECB. The independence of the ECB (Article 130 TFEU) is analyzed within the principle of the independence of national central banks and compatibility with the democratic principle which can find a first composition in the separation between autonomy in identifying purposes and autonomy in choice of the means by which to pursue them. In this sense, at least formally, the ECB passes the compatibility test as the objective of its mandate is identified by the primary supranational source in maintaining price stability while excluding other objectives such as employment support or measures aimed at overcoming asymmetries between the eurozone states. Finally, the central part of the report deals with the “ enlargement of functions “of the ECB, as “ guardian of the European economic constitution “which in order to face the financial crisis that began in 2008 has put in place and, in some cases only announced , unconventional operations (OMT, QE just to exemplify) that have forced the balance between technology and politics and have forcefully re-proposed the problem of the democratic legitimacy of a body independent of the executive and legislative powers. Hence a “ dialogue between jurisdictions “(German Constitutional Tribunal and EU Court of Justice) marked by important decisions that have, among other things, highlighted how difficult it is to draw the dividing line between monetary policy with a scalpel ( remittance to the EU) and economic policy (remittance to the Member States), but also how complex it is to tackle the problem of the boundaries of the judicial review of the CJEU in the face of acts characterized by a high rate of technicality. The issues that have come to the fore are of great theoretical depth and still at the center of an intense debate for which study hypotheses such as the possible use of the category of the so-called technical discretion to try to tackle the problem related to the CJEU’s trade union in purely technical matters or to develop instruments of transparency and accountability of the ECB’s monetary policy to try to stem the lack of democratic legitimacy without prejudice to the principle of its independence and autonomy . Finally, some hints to the measures taken during the pandemic emergency.

Potere di riesame, amministrazione semplificata e “paura di amministrare”

di Silvia Tuccillo

Le recenti riforme della p.a., varate per rispondere alla crisi economica determinata dall’emergenza pandemica, si sono innestate su un tessuto normativo già ricco di criticità. La spinta ormai continua sugli istituti di semplificazione, l’investimento sulla responsabilità come deterrente per le inefficienze dei funzionari pubblici e la crescente sfiducia nell’amministrazione stanno generando esternalità negative che soltanto un ripensamento di alcune linee interpretative ormai consolidate potrà riuscire a contenere. Lo scritto si propone, in particolare, di analizzare le potenzialità del potere di riesame come strumento per bilanciare, insieme ad altri istituti di recente conio, la riduzione di garanzie determinata da un investimento poco cauto sul silenzio assenso come rimedio avverso l’inerzia patologica della p.a.

Administrative review, simplification and “fear of making decision”

by Silvia Tuccillo

Recent administrative reforms, launched in response to the economic crisis determined by the pandemic, have grafted to a regulatory structure that is already full of critical issues. Simplification policies, enhancement of responsibility as a deterrent to public servant’s inefficiencies and growing mistrust in administration are generating negative externalities that need a radical rethink of some well-established interpretative legal lines. This paper aims to analyze the potential of self-defense power as a tool to balance, in combination with some recent legal institutions, the reduction of guarantees caused by a misguided use of silent assent as a remedy against the pathological inertia of public administration.

La revoca del presidente del consiglio comunale: contributo alla individuazione della fattispecie

di Stefano Villamena

 Il Testo unico degli enti locali del 2000 non si interessa direttamente del tema della revoca del Presidente del Consiglio comunale. Il presente contributo cerca pertanto di tracciare le linee fondamentali riguardo non solo all’organo cui dovrebbe essere attribuito il relativo potere, bensì ai presupposti su cui esso si fonda nonché ai limiti al suo esercizio. Nella parte finale del contributo si è poi cercato di ricostruire la natura del potere in esame, fondato sul venir meno del «rapporto di fiducia» con riferimento specifico ad inadempimenti istituzionali. Il potere di revoca è però pur sempre legato a scelte della maggioranza consiliare, da ciò è derivata un’esigenza di tutela in termini di riequilibrio a favore delle minoranze consiliari tramite l’ipotesi dell’abuso d’ufficio.

Revocation of the President of the City Council: evaluation of its features and legal boundaries

by Stefano Villamena

 The Legislative Decree no. 267/2000 about local authorities does not directly mention the President of the Municipal Council’s revocation in particular. This work aims to trace the fundamental requirements for revocation’s power, its limits, and to identify which body of the public administration is legitimate to exercise this power. Besides, this work also evaluates the nature of the revocation power, based on the loss of “institutional trust” concerning omissions or defaults upon administrative duties. The power under analysis is linked to the choices of the council majority from which derives the need for safeguards in favor of the council minorities, rebalancing their power through the hypothesis of abuse of office.

Concetti giuridici indeterminati, discrezionalità dell’amministrazione e sindacato giurisdizionale nell’esclusione dalle gare di appalto per gravi illeciti professionali

di Jacopo Vavalli

 La norma sui gravi illeciti professionali determina l’esclusione degli operatori economici dalle gare di appalto, con potenziali effetti anche per il futuro, utilizzando concetti indeterminati dal punto di vista semantico. Lo stato dell’arte in ambito giurisprudenziale è che la decisione escludente dell’amministrazione ai sensi dell’art. 80, comma 5, del Codice dei contratti pubblici sia la conseguenza dell’esercizio di un potere discrezionale, amministrativo o comunque tecnico, sindacabile solamente in caso di irragionevolezza o illogicità manifeste. Il presente lavoro, nell’analizzare la suddetta norma, mira a svolgere una indagine sistematica volta ad individuare i criteri, il più possibile oggettivi che possano garantirne una applicazione prevedibile. Lo studio perviene alla conclusione che nella relazione dialettica tra decisione amministrativa e sindacato del giudice amministrativo non vi è ragione di limitare tale sindacato ai profili di manifesta illogicità e irragionevolezza della decisione, come sembra orientata a fare la giurisprudenza. Un simile orientamento non solo non è giustificato sulla base del contenuto della norma, ma rischia di non garantire il perseguimento di quegli obiettivi di razionalità coerenza e certezza che sono immanenti al sistema giuridico.

Indefinite legal concepts, discretion of the administration and judicial review in the exclusion from calls for tenders due to serious professional offenses

by Jacopo Vavalli

The rule on grave professional misconducts, present in the art. 80, paragraph 5, of the Public Contracts Code, determines the exclusion of economic operators from tenders, with potential effects also for the future partecipation to the public tenders. The said rule is based on indeterminate concepts. The state of the art in the jurisprudence is that the exclusionary decision of the administration is the consequence of the exercise of a discretion power, administrative or technical, which can be reviewed by the administrative Court only in the event of manifest unreasonableness or illogicality. The study carries out a systematic investigation aimed to identifying the criteria, as objective as possible, that can guarantee a predictable application of the art. 80, paragraph 5, of the Public Contracts Code. The study comes to the conclusion that in the dialectical relationship between the administrative decision and the review of the administrative judge there is no reason to limit such a review to the profiles of manifest unreasonableness of the decision, as admini-806 Jacopo Vavalli strative jurisprudence seems oriented to do. Such an orientation is not justified on the basis of the content of the rule and is not able to guarantee the pursuit of the objectives of rationality, coherence and certainty which are immanent in the legal system.

Considerazioni sulla disciplina delle specializzazioni forensi alla luce del D.M. 1 ottobre 2020, n. 163

di Salvatore Raimondi

L’autore esamina le modifiche introdotte, in materia di specializzazioni forensi con il D.M. n. 163 del 2020 al regolamento approvato cinque anni prima con D.M. n. 144 del 2015, diverse disposizioni del quale erano state oggetto di annullamento con sentenza del TAR Lazio del 2016 in buona parte confermata dal Consiglio di Stato con sentenza n. 5575 del 2017. Il D.M. n. 163 prevede n. 13 settori nei quali si può conseguire specializzazione. Relativamente ai settori del diritto civile, diritto penale e diritto amministrativo si prevedono nel rispettivo ambito, 11, 7 e 8 indirizzi. La specializzazione si può conseguire attraverso la “comprovata esperienza” ovvero attraverso i “percorsi formativi”.

Considerations on the reform of the discipline of the specializations of Lawyers

by Salvatore Raimondi

The author examines the changes introduced, in the field of forensic specializations with the D.M. (Ministerial Decree) n. 163/2020 to the regulation approved five years earlier with D.M. n. 144 of 2015, which was partly annulled by the Lazio Regional Administrative Court in a ruling largely confirmed by the Council of State (C.S. 5575/2017). The D.M. 163/2020 contemplate 13 sectors in which specialization can be achieved. With regard to the sectors of civil law, criminal law and administrative law, 11, 7 and 8 addresses are envisaged. Specialization can be achieved through “proven experience” or through “training paths”.

Notazioni sul regionalismo differenziato tra aspirazioni autonomistiche e solidarietà economico-sociale

di Nicola Gullo

Il regionalismo differenziato delineato dall’art. 116, co. 3, Cost. prevede la possibilità di una profonda revisione del sistema regionale attraverso un procedimento legislativo rinforzato, che richiede la stipula di una previa intesa tra lo Stato e la Regione interessata. Il contributo esamina i diversi problemi interpretativi che riguardano l’applicazione di questa norma costituzionale, alla luce delle iniziative avviate da alcuni Regioni a statuto ordinario. Dall’analisi delle diverse questioni giuridiche, politiche e finanziarie che sono collegate alla realizzazione del modello del regionalismo differenziato, si evince la necessità di superare un approccio settoriale, basato su autonomi e separati accordi con le singole Regioni, per incardinare le proposte regionali nel contesto di una riforma generale dell’ordinamento, in modo da preservare l’unità della Repubblica e salvaguardare la solidarietà territoriale.

Remarks on differentiated regionalism between autonomous aspirations and economic and social solidarity

by Nicola Gullo

 The concept of differentiated regionalism, introduced in art. 116, paragraph 3, of the Constitution, allows for the possibility of a wide review of the regional system through a reinforced legislative process, following the prior stipulation of an agreement between the State and the concerned Region. This article examines the various problems of interpretation relating to the application of this constitutional rule, taking into account the initiatives of some Regions with ordinary statute. Moving from the analysis of different legal, political and financial issues of the differentiated regionalism, the article affirms the necessity of letting go of the sectoral approach, based on autonomous and separate agreements with individual Regions, in favor of adopting a general reform of the legal system which incorporates regional proposals, so as to preserve the unity of the Republic and safeguard territorial solidarity.

L’utile attuazione dell’art. 116, co. 3, Cost. alla luce del principio di sussidiarietà

di Valentina Prudente

L’articolo, prendendo spunto dalla vicenda relativa alla attuazione del regionalismo differenziato previsto dal terzo comma dell’art. 116 della Costituzione, propone una lettura dei nessi esistenti tra differenziazione regionale e sussidiarietà verticale. Tali nessi si apprezzano sia laddove la differenziazione regionale riguardi una particolare e diversa distribuzione di competenze legislative tra enti; sia laddove comporti l’allocazione di funzioni e compiti amministrativi in considerazione delle diverse caratteristiche degli enti riceventi. In questa prospettiva la differenziazione regionale si caratterizza in funzione attuativa della sussidiarietà e si pone in relazione con l’intero quadro costituzionale dei principi fondamentali che connotano il sistema delle autonomie territoriali.

Useful implementation of Art. 116.3 of the Constitution through the principle of subsidiarity.

by Valentina Prudente

The article, getting ideas from the matter relating to the implementation of differentiated regionalism provided by the third paragraph of Art. 116 of the Constitution, proposes a reading of links between regional differentiation and vertical subsidiarity. These links are valued both if regional differentiation concerns a particular and different distribution of legislative powers among entities; and whether if it involves allocation of administrative functions related to different characteristics of receiving entities. In this perspective, regional differentiation is characterized by implementation of subsidiarity and is related to the entire constitutional framework of fundamental principles that typify our system of territorial autonomies.

Le “asimmetrie fiscali” tra Regioni italiane: stato dell’arte, criticità e prospettive

di Patrizia Accordino

L’articolo approfondisce il “regionalismo differenziato” in ambito tributario evidenziando le difficoltà applicative derivanti dalla clausola di invarianza finanziaria contenuta nelle pre-intese già concluse, che preclude nuovi o maggiori oneri a carico della finanza pubblica. Il finanziamento di questi spazi di autonomia differenziata dovrebbe infatti, essere sostenuto dalle entrate delle Regioni che li richiederanno. Nondimeno, da una prima analisi dei preaccordi già formulati, sembra che le Regioni proponenti intendano tenere ferme le risorse all’interno del territorio delle stesse e condizionarle a favore di chi in essa risiede, prefigurando, pertanto, il concreto rischio di intaccare i diritti sociali fondamentali, a causa della ricaduta sulla distribuzione delle risorse complessive tra Regioni. Le regole di contribuzione al sostenimento della spesa pubblica vigenti sono, tuttavia, ancora basate sul “binomio” di valori costituzionali riconducibili al generale dovere di solidarietà economica e al principio di capacità contributiva. È, dunque, chiara l’esigenza di preordinare la concreta operatività del regionalismo differenziato – per preservare la neutralità e il mantenimento della coesione sociale – alla attuazione dei predetti principi. È anche essenziale promuovere alcuni spazi di autonomia tributaria che assicurerebbero alle Regioni italiane la concreta possibilità di finanziare le nuove condizioni senza alterare l’equilibrio complessivo.

“Tax asymmetries” among Italian Regions: state of the art, critical issues, and perspectives

by Patrizia Accordino

 The article investigates the “asymmetrical regionalism” in the field of taxation, highlighting the difficulties in its application deriving from the financial invariance clause contained in the pre-agreements already concluded, which precludes new or greater burdens on public finance. Financing these spaces of asymmetrical autonomy should, indeed, be supported by the revenues of the Regions requesting them. Nonetheless, an initial analysis of the pre-agreements already signed shows that the proposing Regions intend to keep resources within their territories conditioning them in favour  of those who live there also envisaging the real risk of affecting fundamental social rights, due to the impact on the distribution of overall resources among all the Regions. However, the rules of contribution to public expenditure in force are still based on the “combination” of constitutional values tracing back to the general duty of economic solidarity and the principle of ability to pay. It is, therefore, clear that the real application of asymmetrical regionalism – to preserve neutrality and maintain social cohesion – should be subordinated to the implementation of the aforementioned principles. Furthermore, promoting certain spaces of tax autonomy, eventually ensuring Italian Regions an effective possibility of financing the new conditions, without affecting the overall equilibrium, is essential.

Effetti dell’autonomia differenziata sulla combinazione funzionale dei princìpi di sussidiarietà e leale collaborazione. Verso una riforma del regionalismo a Costituzione invariata?

di Luca Dell’Atti

 Sussidiarietà e leale collaborazione sono due principi nati nella prassi, poi dotati di fondamento costituzionale, il cui studio rappresenta un ottimale punto di osservazione per descrivere le evoluzioni oscillanti del regionalismo italiano. Il combinato operare dei due principi, infatti, poiché consente la gestione flessibile dei rapporti Stato-Regioni, ne facilita uno svolgersi cooperativo e non conflittuale assicurando il simultaneo rispetto dei principi di unità e autonomia di cui all’art. 5 Cost. Questo contributo analizza il possibile impatto dell’attivazione della clausola di maggiore autonomia (art. 116, c. 3 Cost.) sull’assetto delle relazioni inter-governative delineando due scenari a seconda che l’autonomia differenziata venga infine realizzata a) per le tre Regioni settentrionali già ad uno stadio avanzato del relativo iter (Lombardia, Veneto ed Emilia Romagna), o b) per un ampio numero di Regioni – quasi tutte le Regioni hanno già avviato iniziative in tal senso. Dallo scenario sub a) deriverebbe la recessione dei moduli di cooperazione multi-laterale in ragione della necessità di gestire in via bi-laterale ed informale i rapporti centro-periferia; in quello sub b), le logiche della competizione, ancorché declinate su una dimensione più ampia, potrebbero creare una frattura nel fronte regionale unitario. In entrambi i casi, dunque, l’attivazione della clausola di maggiore autonomia potrebbe rappresentare un ostacolo all’evoluzione in senso collaborativo delle relazioni multi-livello.

The Effects of “Further Autonomy” on the Principles of Subsidiarity and Loyal Cooperation. Again a Non-formal Constitutional Reform of the Regionalism?

by Luca Dell’Atti

The principles of subsidiarity and loyal cooperation were born in praxis and then endowed with a constitutional foundation. Their study is an optimal observation point for describing the evolution of Italian regionalism. In fact the two principles –since they enable the State-Regions relations to be managed in a flexible manner– facilitate a cooperative development by ensuring the simultaneous respect of the principles of unity and autonomy as set out in Article 5 of the Constitution. We analyze the possible impact of the “further autonomy clause” (Art. 116, par. 3 of the Constitution) on the structure of inter-governmental relations (IGR), outlining two scenarios depending on whether the clause is finally implemented a) for the three northern Regions that are already at an advanced stage of the process (Lombardia, Veneto and Emilia Romagna), or b) for a large number of Regions –almost all of which have already started  initiatives in this direction. Scenario a) would result in the recession of multi-lateral cooperation models due to the need to manage IGR bi-laterally and informally; in scenario b), the logic of competition, even declined on a broader scale, could break up the unitary regional front. In both cases, therefore, the activation of the clause could hinder the co-operative evolution of multi-level relations.

Il ruolo (imprescindibile) delle Camere per una corretta ed equa attuazione del regionalismo differenziato

di Andrea Napolitano

 Il percorso del regionalismo differenziato che si è sviluppato negli ultimi mesi in Italia ha avuto, come è noto, quali protagonisti istituzionali le singole Regioni da un lato e, dall’altro, il Governo, circostanza che ha, di fatto, relegato il Parlamento ad un ruolo secondario. Proprio il ruolo che si intende attribuire a quest’ultimo ha rappresentato uno degli aspetti maggiormente discussi in dottrina. Il presente lavoro, muovendo dalla marginalizzazione delle Camere riscontrata nel percorso di differenziazione iniziato da Veneto, Lombardia ed Emilia, intende indagare la necessità di attribuire al Parlamento un ruolo centrale nel procedimento di approvazione della c.d. legge ad autonomia negoziata al fine di garantire la salvaguardia dell’unità nazionale ed effettuare una approfondita analisi dei possibili impatti sui livelli essenziali delle prestazioni concernenti i diritti civili e sociali che devono essere assicurati su tutto il territorio nazionale. Allo stesso modo si cercherà di evidenziare l’opportunità di una legge “attuativa” della disposizione costituzionale, con la quale fissare, in maniera puntuale, principi e criteri da far rispettare alle Regioni che intendono iniziare il percorso per la differenziazione ma anche, e soprattutto, disciplinare un’ipotetica fase di monitoraggio e, in casi eccezionali, di riallocazione, a livello statale, di funzioni e risorse devolute in precedenza.

The (essential) role of the Parliament for a correct and equitable implementation of differentiated regionalism

by Andrea Napolitano

The path of differentiated regionalism that has developed in the recent months in Italy has had, as is well known, as institutional bodies, the individual Regions on the one hand and the Government on the other, a circumstance that has, in fact, relegated the Parliament to a secondary role. Indeed, the role that is intended to be attributed to the latter has represented one of the most discussed aspects in the doctrine. This work, starting from the marginalization of the Chambers, found in the differentiation process initiated by Veneto, Lombardy and Emilia, intends to investigate the need to give the Parliament a central role in the approval process of the so-called negotiated autonomy law in order to ensure the safeguarding of national unity and carry out an in-depth analysis of the possible impacts on the essential levels of services, concerning civil and social rights that must be ensured throughout the national territory. In the same way, this paper will try to highlight the opportunity of an “implementing” law of the constitutional provision, pursuant to which to set, in a timely manner, principles and criteria to be enforced by the Regions that intend to start the process of differentiation but also, and above all, regulate a hypothetical phase of monitoring and, in exceptional cases, of reallocation, at the state level, of functions and resources previously devolved.

“Non basta dire intesa”. Ragionando sul principio di leale collaborazione fra Stato e Regioni nella prospettiva del regionalismo differenziato

di Claudia Bianca Ceffa

 L’articolo si propone di evidenziare un profilo, ancora poco esplorato, di inadeguatezza del richiamo dell’art. 8, comma 3, Cost. in relazione alla procedimentalizzazione  dell’approvazione legislativa dell’intesa fra Stato e Regioni, necessaria ai fini dell’attuazione del regionalismo differenziato. Tale disposizione porta, infatti, con sé il bagaglio della relativa giurisprudenza costituzionale che ha constatato la natura politica, quindi insindacabile, della decisione del Governo di avviare il confronto ai fini del raggiungimento di un’intesa con le confessioni acattoliche. Quest’ultima, invece, nell’ambito del regionalismo differenziato, dovrebbe inserirsi nel diverso assetto che ispira il Titolo V Cost., all’interno del quale i rapporti tra Stato e Regioni sono connotati dal principio di leale collaborazione.

“Agreement it’s not enough”. Reasoning about the principle of loyal collaboration between the State and the Regions in the perspective of differentiated regionalism

by Claudia Bianca Ceffa

 Abstract (eng): The article aims to highlight a profile, still unexplored, of the inadequacy of the reference to art. 8, paragraph 3, of the Constitution in relation to the proceduralization of the legislative approval of the agreement between the State and the Regions, necessary for the implementation of differentiated regionalism. This provision, in fact, brings with it the baggage of the related constitutional jurisprudence, which has established the political nature, therefore unquestionable, of the Government’s decision to start discussions in order to reach an agreement with non-Catholic confessions. The latter, on the other hand, in the context of differentiated regionalism should fit into the different structure that inspires Title V of the Constitution, within which the relations between the State and the Regions are characterized by the principle of loyal collaboration.

Note sulla dimensione amministrativa del regionalismo differenziato

di Giuseppe Carlo Ricciardi

 L’articolo prende in considerazione la dimensione amministrativo-funzionale sottesa al regionalismo differenziato. La riflessione sulle funzioni conduce a conseguenze rilevanti sia rispetto alle istituzioni del governo locale, sia in ordine al trasferimento delle risorse umane e finanziarie correlate all’esercizio delle funzioni. Sul tema occorre un ripensamento alla luce dell’argomento decisivo legato alla co-essenzialità tra i concetti di autonomia e differenziazione, avente riflessi anche sull’organizzazione delle amministrazioni accolta nella nostra Costituzione.

Remarks on the administrative dimension of differentiated regionalism

by Giuseppe Carlo Ricciardi

 The article takes into account the administrative and functional dimension of the differentiated regionalism. The functional-centred vision leads to relevant implications with respect to the local government institutions and the deployment of human and financial resources related to the exercise of the administrative tasks. On this topic it is necessary a rethinking in the light of the decisive argument linked to the co-essentiality between the concepts of autonomy and differentiation, having repercussions also on the organization of administrations accepted in our Constitution.

Autonomia regionale differenziata: un’occasione per ripensare l’area vasta

di Matteo Pressi

Lo scritto analizza il tipo di relazione esistente fra la procedura di attribuzione alle Regioni di “forme ulteriori di autonomia” ai sensi dell’art. 116 c. 3 Cost. e l’attuale struttura istituzionale di Enti di area vasta. In particolare, l’articolo mostra, analizzando gli aspetti particolarmente critici, che Province e Città metropolinane, come riformate dalla “riforma Delrio” non possono sostenere gli effetti che il regionalismo differenziato è destinato a produrre sugli Enti di area vasta.

Differentiated regional autonomy: an opportunity to rethink the vast-area

by Matteo Pressi

This paper aims to highlight the relationship existing between the procedure of attribution to the Regions of «further forms and particular conditions of autonomy», pursuant to art. 116, paragraph 3, of the Constitution, and the current institutional structure of vast-area entities. In particular, the article intends to underline how, to date, the structure of the Provinces and Metropolitan Cities, as defined by the “Delrio reform”, is unsuitable for sustaining the repercussions that differentiated regionalism is destined to produce on vast-area entities, outlining the particularly critical issues.

Note minime sulla disciplina della Regione siciliana sul procedimento amministrativo

di Gaetano Armao

 L’Autore descrive la recente riforma della disciplina regionale siciliana sul procedimento amministrativo muovendo da una ricostruzione degli spazi di autonomia normativa della Regione alla luce della giurisprudenza costituzionale, dandone una valutazione largamente positiva.

Some remarks on norms enacted by the Sicilian Region on administrative procedure

by Gaetano Armao

The Author describes the reform of regional law on administrative procedure enacted in Sicily approaching the topic from the perspective of the “spaces” of normative  authonomy  given to the Region. To this extent it is taken into account the Constitutional Court case law. The Author givese a positive evaluation  of the reform.

L'articolo Nuove Autonomie 3-2020 proviene da Nuove Autonomie.

INDICE

DOTTRINA

Patrizia Marzaro – Partecipazione consapevole e giusto procedimento di pianificazione – 5
Fabrizio Fracchia, Pasquale Pantalone – Le funzioni amministrative in tema di caccia – 17
Clemente Pio Santacroce – Partecipazione e governo del territorio: l’esperienza toscana – 35
Giovanna Iacovone – Sostenibilità urbana: quali regole per l’equilibrio territoriale e la diffusione delle attività produttive. Uno sguardo a Matera Capitale europea della cultura – 51
Giovanna Pizzanelli – Il contributo dell’accesso alle informazioni ambientali alla tutela del patrimonio pubblico – 71
Pablo Cunha Malheiros, Ilton Norberto Robl Filho – Regularização fundiária urbana e aplicação imediata da lei n. 13.465/17 no Distrito Federal do Brasil – 105
Gaetano Armao – Piersanti Mattarella, le riforme amministrative ed il meridionalismo – 123
Rossana Caridà – Il processo di differenziazione regionale ex art. 116, terzo comma, della Costituzione: la natura delle funzioni e i vincoli costituzionali – 139
Vanessa Manzetti – Bilancio pubblico e equità intergenerazionale – 203
Giovanni Pesce – Sulla disponibilità della riserva aurea della Banca d’Italia – 223
Beatrice Rabai – C’era una volta il carattere libero ed indipendente del sapere accademico –163
Simone Franca – L’informativa trasparente nel trattamento dei dati personali da parte della pubblica amministrazione -185
Alberto Picón Arranz – Observaciones relativas a la teoría de la invalidez de los acros administrativos en España e Italia –249
Cristiano Bevilacqua – Il waste management tra normativa dell’Unione europea ed italiana. La (termo)valorizzazione nella gerarchia dei sistemi di gestione dei rifiuti – 271

Abstract
Conscious participation and due planning process
by Patrizia Marzaro

Zoning and urban planning are ideal frameworks for experimenting and applying the principles and techniques of democratic participation. In this respect, zoning and urban planning can serve as remedies for the broadening crisis of representative democracy and the democratic deficit of administrative decisions. Regional legislations on land-use planning confirm the importance of participatory democracy. The most advanced pieces of legislation in the field resonate with the constitutional imperative to foster participation and with the principle of administrative due process, as recently explored also by the Italian Constitutional Court.

The administrative functions relating to hunting
by Fabrizio Fracchia e Pasquale Pantalone

The article aims at analyzing the peculiar administrative functions relating to hunting, taking into account, on one hand, the complex distribution of these functions between State and regions and, on the other hand, their strict connection with the subject matter of the protection of both the environment and the ecosystem.

Participation and Land-use planning: the Tuscan Experience
by Clemente Pio Santacroce

The paper offers a reading of the current Tuscan legislation on participation (also civic) in the formationof the territorial and urban planning tools, after explaining the reasons that led to identify the legislative experience of the Tuscany Region as a specific and privileged subject of study and analysis. The work focuses on the particular genesis of the principle of participation in the Tuscan regional law no. 65/2014, to then come to deal with those procedural and organizational tools put in place by the Tuscan legislator in order to favor the affirmation of a general principle of participatory land-use planning.

Urban sustainability: guidelines to determine a territorial balance in order to foster productive activities. A glance at Matera European Capital of Culture.
by Giovanna Iacovone

The present study starts its considerations from the relationship between tourism economy and business. As it is well known that the productive sectors are able to trigger relevant synergies within the territory offers, the present work raises the question of the possible transformations, of urban territories, thanks to a sustainable logic that these connections are able to motivate. In this direction, through the examination of the existing regulatory system and its technical instruments, it is enhanced the key role of the dialogue between the centre and the peripheries that involves the economic and urbanistic spheres. It is also meant to catch the sectoralities and contradictions that do not always seem to go in the designated direction. In this perspective, the city of Matera is worthy of consideration, since as the European Capital of Culture during the year 2019 had coped with important needs for change that have been set in motion by the increase in tourist flows and commercial activities that has affected the city.

The contribution of public access to environmental information on safeguard of the public heritage.
by Giovanna Pizzanelli

This article analyzes the key role of public access to information in modern environmental governance. Guaranteed by the Aarhus Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters, by Directive 2003/4/EC and by legislative-decree n. 195/2005, the right of Access to environmental information has a substantial impact on how individuals can act as environmental stewards and public bodies can protect the environment. In particular, information disclosure provisions can help to minimize the information asymmetry between the State and its citizens. In doing so, individuals are empowered in their role as environmental stewards, able to effectively participate in environmental decision-making procedures and to exert “bottom-up” pressure on the State and private entities in their role as consumers and investors. However, the historical evolution of the right to access environmental information today is confronted with the reform of italian legislation on transparency. Therefore, a reflection is needed on the interaction between the special forms of access coexisting in the italian legal system, with specific reference to environmental information, and the generalized civic access introduced by the legislative-decree n. 97/2016 (so-called Italian Freedom of Information Act). In conclusion the essay focuses on the fact that right to access information, as it belongs to the corpus of human rights, is a precondition for a good environmental administration.

Urban land regularization and immediate application of law 13.465/17 in the Federal District of Brazil.
by Pablo Cunha Malheiros, Ilton Norberto Robl Filho

Law no. 13.465 of 2017, approved by the Brazilian National Congress, regulates urban land regularization, concretizing the fundamental right to housing, the promotion of the good of all and the urban policy established in the Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988. This article defends the immediate applicability of this law to subnational entities (States, Federal District and Municipalities), due to the model of cooperative federalism adopted by the Federal Constitution of 1988 and the proper interpretati on of its article 24, emphasizing the incidence of this law in the Federal District. The methodology employedfavors the use of specialized legal literature and the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court, which is the arbitrator for excellence of disputes and conflicts between federative entities.

Piersanti Mattarella, the administrative reforms and southernism
by Gaetano Armao

The article reconstructs, forty years after the killing, the figure of Piersanti Mattarella, leading the regional budget from 1971 until 1978 and then President of the Sicilian Region until the tragic epilogue of the political-administrative experience. In particular, the reforms introduced in the Sicilian regional system starting from the accounting ones, to those of the administration and regional planning are examined.

The regional differentiation process on the basis of art. 116, third paragraph, of the Constitution: the nature of the functions and the constitutional constraints
by Rossana Caridà

The article analyzes the consequences, on an administrative level, which could arise if the process of implementing differentiated regionalism was completed. In order to guarantee the principle of continuity of administrative action, at the service of the provision of social benefits, as well as the principle of solidarity and social cohesion, the differentiation process needs to be well structured especially at the administrative level and that the distribution of competences and functions between the central power and the “differentiated” regions is clarified. In fact, unjustified disparities in the territory should be avoided which could endanger the principle of economic and social unity.

Public budget and intergenerational equity
by Vanessa Manzetti

The theme of the relationship between public budget and intergenerational equity inevitably involves a multiplicity of economic, sociological and legal profiles, which find in the theme of duties towards future generations, rather than rights of future generations, an extremely interesting aspect. However, the complexity and interdisciplinary nature of the subject makes it necessary to circumscribe the boundaries of research, analyzing whether and how the principles and rules governing the so-called budget law are also an expression of the principle of intergenerational equity. In order to do this, in the present work, it was deemed necessary to proceed following three different investigation plans (one consequential to the other): that of verifying if it is possible to trace in the constitution a principle of intergenerational equity from an economic-financial point of view; that of verifying if and how the constitutional jurisprudence supports the emergence of such principle; that, finally, of verifying how the accounting normative instrumentation prepared by the legislator allows to make the principle of intergenerational equity effective, guaranteeing it.

The ownership of the Italian gold reserves
by Giovanni Pesce

Moving from an analysis of the recent bills which provide that the Italian gold reserves shall be deemed to be owned by the State, the Article discusses the legal issues concerning the ownership of the Italian gold reserves. After reviewing, also in historical terms, the main elements which lead to identify the Bank of Italy as the legal entity which holds the reserves and manages them in order to guarantee monetary stability, the Article starts with a reflection on the meaning of “public goods”, and suggests to frame legal issues concerning the ownership of the gold reserves within the concept of the public goods. The Article emphasizes the value of the autonomy of the Bank of Italy and its independence in relations with the Treasury, and argues in favour of a dialogue on an equal footing between the independent Bank and the political realm. The Author further argues that that the general interest underlying the management of the gold reserves cannot but be coincident with that of the State. This means that both the State and the Bank of Italy have the task to pursue the general interest of monetary stability, and, in order to comply with the current framework of the European Treaties, shall make available the gold reserve to the European Central Bank

Once upon a time the free and independent nature of academic knowledge
by Beatrice Rabai

This paper aims to outline the profound changes taking place in the Italian university system, in order to verify whether (also making use of the results of sociology and economic studies in terms of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation of the individual) the evaluation model of teaching and scientific research is functional to mantain particular professionalism of university teachers to which art. 33 of the Constitution entrusts the development and transmission of knowledge in a pluralistic society.

Transparent information in personal data processing by the public administration
by Simone Franca

The present article deals with a particular aspect linked to the compliance with the GDPR from the perspective of the public administration, i.e. the information to be provided in relation to any processing of personal data. The article is divided into three parts. The first part attempts to reconstruct the evolution that has led from fairness to transparency as a guiding principle in the processing of personal data. In the second part, the constituent elements of the concept of transparency are identified in the light of a broader reflection, taking into account the concept of transparency in administrative, banking and EU law. In the third part, the information obligations enshrined in the GDPR are examined in depth, taking into account both certain specific processing operations carried out by public administrations (such as the processing of personal data in the context of scientific research) and the profiles inherent to the justiciability of these obligations. The analysis shows how the new elements contained in the GDPR can lead to the design of compliance with information obligations as part of a collaborative relationship between citizens and public administration

Observations concerning the theory of invalidity of administrative acts in Spain and Italy
by Alberto Picón Arranz

The theory of the invalidity of administrative acts is one of the subjects that generates most debate among the specialized doctrine. Throughout this article we will try, analyzing the Spanish and Italian doctrine, to defend a theory of invalidity that starts from the absolute separation between validity and efficacy. We will analyze the term “non existence” by considering its real meaning at present and, we will end with an analysis of the two invalidating categories contemplated by the Spanish and Italian legislators: nullity and annulability.

Waste management between European and Italian legislation. The “(thermo)valorization” in the hierarchy of waste management systems
by Cristiano Bevilacqua

The article deals with the issue of waste management, which is going through a delicate phase in Italy, especially with regard to the location of incinerators, also due to the presence of a regulatory framework for waste management which is too complex and contradictory. Even the recent European jurisprudence pronounced on the “Sblocca Italia Decree”, which favors waste incineration / co-incineration systems, contributes to increasing uncertainties since on the one hand it supports an elastic conception of the principle of waste hierarchy, seen as a principle discretionally adaptable to the needs of Member states ; on the other hand, it reiterates the preventive nature of environmental assessments and the need for incineration planning to undergo a strategic environmental assessment in relation to the significant effects that may affect the environment. It is therefore necessary to proceed to a new rationalization of the national system by effectively recovering the general principles of European matrix set to protect the environment, compared to the sectoral ones introduced by state legislation, with a view to the circular economy recalled by the recent “European circular economy Package” asking Member States to take measures to avoid waste production by encouraging the creation of systems that promote waste reuse activities and discouraging the use of their incineration

L'articolo Nuove Autonomie 1-2020 proviene da Nuove Autonomie.

INDICE
DOTTRINA

Judith Gifreu Font – La sfida delle periferie urbane: il diritto all’alloggio come strategia di integrazione urbana – 5
Estefânia Maria de Queiroz Barboza – New possibilities for judicial decision-making in Brazil: an approximation with the common law system – 27
Gaetano Armao – Santi Romano protagonista della Scuola palermitana di diritto pubblico – 47
Marco Calabrò – Diritti di accesso e profili rimediali. Spunti di riflessione per l’introduzione di una ipotesi di giurisdizione condizionata – 63
Niccolò Maria D’Alessandro – L’Autorità Nazionale Anticorruzione: spunti di riflessione alla luce delle modifiche al codice dei contratti pubblici – 83
Paolo Provenzano – Procedure competitive telematiche e malfunzionamento del sistema – 105
Gianpiero Zinzi – La valorizzazione di grandi attrattori culturali tra dinamiche di cooperazione istituzionale e modelli di turismo sostenibile. Le funzioni e i modelli di gestione dei beni culturali: il governo del territorio e il caso Pompei – 119
Serenella Pieroni – Il patrimonio culturale cittadino tra Art Bonus e sponsorizzazioni (…mira videre potes) – 171

Abstract

The challenge of urban peripheries: the right to housing as an urban integration strategy

by Judith Gifreu Font

This article explores the evolution of urban peripheries in Spain and the role of housing in this phenomenon. At first, the growth of the urban periphery of large cities responds to the migratory activity, which accommodates the thousands of residents from other parts of the country in degraded and poorly consolidated neighborhoods, with blocks of flats of low constructive quality and few equipment and public services. But at the end of the 20th century, with the real estate boom, a new generation of peripheries emerged, with a different meaning from the first. It is no longer about self-construction spaces or housing polygons. This new arrangement of the urban outskirts welcomes urban development projects that adopt an urban dispersion strategy typical of the diffuse city model, with a low-density residential plot and strong land consumption and quality single-family housing for a high-income population. With this new periphery, suburban growth patterns undergo a profound change: living in the periphery is no longer synonymous with marginal urbanization, but a symbol of success.

New possibilities for judicial decision-making in Brazil: an approximation with the common law system

by Estefània Maria de Queiroz Barboza

This article analyzes the new interpretation and application of law introduced by the centrality of human and fundamental rights in the second half of the twentieth century, which led the preponderance of the judiciary in moral and political decisions of the State to assume the role of judge-made-law, which is traditional to Common Law systems. When the law is interpreted, the rule only exists in practice; therefore, legal security can no longer be found in written texts. This work also advocates the use of the doctrine of stare decisis, which, in turn, is compatible with Dworkin’s model of law as integrity, for the guarantee of legal certainty, predictability and stability of judgments. For this reason, the work brings the systems of civil law and common law within the constitutional jurisdiction, particularly in the constitutional review based on human or fundamental rights. To support the thesis, the work indicates that the material fundamentality of human rights has moral content and serves as a bellwether for judicial review in both systems, whether implied or not in a written constitutional document. Additionally, from the study of Dworkin’s “law as integrity”, this work concludes that it is possible to adopt the doctrine of stare decisis and apply the value of integrity in adjudication in the Brazilian Constitutional Jurisdiction, which will ensure consistency, stability, predictability and judicial security of its decisions.

Santi Romano protagonist of the public law school of Palermo

by Gaetano Armao

This brief essay recalls, in the one hundred years of the publication of the “Legal order” of Santi Romano, the strong links between the great scholar and the school of public law of the University of Palermo, founded by Vittorio Emanuele Orlando, who accompanied the first steps in legal education and scientific research.

Remedies for violations of rights of access. The hypothesis of the introduction of a conditional jurisdiction system.

by Marco Calabrò

This paper starts from the consideration that – despite the recent enhancement of the principle of transparency that has affected the Italian legal system, as well as the (apparently) incontrovertible limits imposed on the exercise of the several rights of access (documental, civic and generalized) – still today there are numerous cases in which the citizen is illegitimately denied or deferred his right of access to documents and information held by the public administration. The relevance of the underlying interests (pursuant to article 29, paragraph 2- bis of Law 241/1990, the right of access pertains to the essential levels of benefits and services referred to the article 117, paragraph 2, letter m) of the Italian Constitution), has therefore long led the Italian legislator to introduce a special jurisdictional proceeding, inspired by the criterions of simplicity and speed. Starting from these premises, the paper – after a brief examination of the main characteristics of the special proceeding aimed at protecting the rights of access and of some of its limits in terms of effectiveness – focuses at first, critically, on the choice of the Italian legislator to extend tout court the aforementioned special proceeding also to the rights of access more recently introduced (civic and generalized), despite the deep differences (in terms of assumptions and purposes) existing between these new rights and the right of access ex artt. 22 and ss., L.n. 241/1990. The critical issues that emerge from the point of view of jurisdictional protection lead, then, to the examination of the degree of effectiveness that can be found in the models of alternative dispute resolution remedies to protect rights of access, included in the Italian legal system. With this in mind, the contribution aims to bring out the advantages, for the citizen injured in his rights of access to administrative documents, in using non-jurisdictional remedies, in terms of effectiveness, cost and speed. In the light of the results, the author concludes illustrating, de iure condendo, the benefits deriving from the possible introduction of a situation of conditional jurisdiction (to a previous experiment of an administrative remedy) in the particular context of the protection of rights of access.

The national anti-corruption authority: food for thought in light of changes to the code of public contracts

by Niccolò Maria D’Alessandro

The present work is initially aimed at illustrating the main functions attributed by the legislator to the National Anti-corruption Authority in the recent code of public contracts. Subsequently, particular attention will be dedicated to the cd. ANAC’s prelitigation function, which – as we will have to observe – raises many doubts with a view to deflation of the dispute. In fact, among the various legislative measures following the entry into force of the new code of public contracts referred to in Legislative Decree no. 50/2016 to the ANAC was given an important – perhaps excessive – jurisdictional (para) function that contrasts with art. 102, paragraph 2 of the Constitution, which makes it possible for the same to act in court if he sees an irregularity in the public procedure.

Competitive telematic procedures and system malfunction

by Paolo Provenzano

Abstract: In the broader context of the digitization process for the administrative action, this essay critically examines the problems encountered in competitive telematic procedures in case of system malfunction.

The enhancement of great cultural attractors between institutional co-operation dynamics and sustainable tourism models. Cultural heritage functions and management models: the government of a territory and the Pompei case

by Gianpiero Zinzi

This article analyses the importance and advisability of the enhancement of hystorical-architectural cultural assets held by a territory, with regard to the public-private forms of partnerships offered by legislation. The analysis is the setting for the Pompei site restoration example, while pointing out the necessity of updated forms of co-operation with private entities or individuals, aimed at heritage development and at care, not simply tutelage, of public goods, in a vision based on the equilibrium between the ability of the national or local administration to identify a cultural patrimony and deal with its management, protecting its identity, and with the participation of the population. For without a good public administration and a sound private dimension education – so without shared values– this is not to be conceived as possible.

The citizen cultural heritage between art bonus and sponsorship

by Serenella Pieroni

The essay deals with the involvement of the citizens in projects of restoration of cultural goods. Starting from the national law about “art bonus” and sponsorships, the analysis continues checking how the city of Perugia achieved the collaborative “ratio” of the law, thanks to concrete and opportune initiatives.

L'articolo Nuove Autonomie 1-2018 proviene da Nuove Autonomie.

INDICE
DOTTRINA

Gaetano Armao – Enti pubblici economici, società ad evidenza pubblica e privatizzazioni nell’ordinamento della Regione siciliana – 253
Flavio Guella – La disciplina sugli appalti e le competenze dell’autonomia speciale, dai lavori ai contratti pubblici – 279
Tomás Hutchison – El acto administrativo informático – 309
Marco Mazzamuto – A proposito di un recente libro di Franco Gaetano Scoca sul brigantaggio postunitario – 321
Natalia Mortier – La acción de lesividad en el nuevo orden jurídico – 331
Hadrian Simonetti – La disciplina dei contratti pubblici: le esperienze nazionale e siciliana a confronto – 343

GIURISPRUDENZA

Alessandro Berrettini – Osservazioni su «conflitto di interessi» nel procedimento amministrativo alla luce di una recente pronuncia del Consiglio di Stato – 357
Antonio Liguori – L’acquisizione al patrimonio comunale nei confronti degli eredi estranei all’abuso – 375
Marco Pedersoli – Le garanzie di pubblicità nella gestione telematica delle gare d’appalto – 387

Abstract

Regional holding bodies, Regional owned-companies and privatization in Sicily

by Gaetano Armao

This essay reconstructs the framework within which the main region-owned enterprises of Sicily region are articulated, as well as the wide range of forms of direct intervention adopted in the economy. After a brief reconstruction of regulatory provisions on the subject, the approach that characterizes this study is empirical, and it focuses on the recognition of the phenomenon in its various facets. The events involving the state-owned enterprises of the Sicilian region represent a paradigmatic example of the high level of interference that the public authority exercises in the sicilian economy. In the light of the serious underdevelopment that characterized the region, autonomist institutions have quickly given up regulating in favour of an ever more effective and articulate presence in the market through state-owned enterprises. The intervention in the Sicily´s economy through the traditional form of regional separate bodies was supported by other forms of interference on market dynamics which were created to encourage regional development but have increased the detachment of the sicilian economic system from the national and community levels. Meanwhile, the increase of the regional expenditure was not associated with the development of enterprises’ competitiveness. This situation caused that, the more the European Union members States set political ties and the Italian legal system introduced key reforms in terms of protection of competition, privatization, and regulation of markets; the more the Sicilian economy increased the level of welfare assistance. A divergence that has compound the economic backwardness of Sicily, for instance contributing to its industrial desertification. With specific regard to state-owned enterprises must be considered that in Sicily, more than in the rest of the country, a kind of benchmarking in negative has worked. Municipal, provincial, regional economic bodies and public banks have become more similar to the p.a. than to private competitors. The change in the economic paradigm related to the establishment of the single European market has just affected minimally the regional economy. The organizational form of the public economic entity, which has led Sicily to be the first of the “Entrepreneurial regions”, was found to be inadequate over time. The bureaucracy constituted, together with some wrong choices in terms of business initiatives, the main cause of failure in the region and a long period of lack of regional holdings, still in progress. It will only quit as a result of the ten years winding-up of economic entities. Since the beginning of the year 2000 with the start of the process of disposal of regional investments, the second season in the region takes shape. On one hand, this phase is characterized for the creation of a series of limited mixed companies, with private investors chosen through a public tender process. On the other, a container company is constituted in order to perform services on behalf of the administration. This new expansion of the Region has resulted in substantial effects on the regional budget, forcing the region to participate in the rescheduling of loans. The complex and comprehensive path of subsidiaries’ reorganization in the sicilian region is based on the interventions from the regulation of 2010 until the last decree of 2016. The reorganization of subsidiaries in the region aimed at reducing the strategic residual subsidiaries. The system of regional holdings of Sicily subject to a substantial reform in the governance structure, seems to look at the compliance with the evolution of the European legislation and the principles of competition, subsidiarity horizontally and spending review, with a view to reducing the regional public sphere. In this context, the essay analyzes the set of reforms made at the State level (d.l.gs. 19 agosto 2016, n. 175 ( “Testo unico in materia di societa’ a partecipazione pubblica”) in matters concerning the system of regional companies.

Regulation of public procurement and competences of special autonomies, from the public works to the public contracts

by Flavio Guella

The paper analyzes competences and experiences of the Italian special regions involved in the regulation of public procurement. Starting from the regulations approved by some special autonomies after the 2014 directives and the new national code of public procurement of 2016, the analysis moves to the evolution of the Constitutional court’s case law in this field. In particular, the special statutes’ set of competences on public works, together with the limit of the private law, is compared to the use of competition and civil legal system as “transversal” categories codified by the constitutional reform of 2001.

The informatic administrative act

by Tomás Hutchinson

Starting from the notion and elements of administrative act, the author poses the question of the possible adaptation of the “traditional” categories and rules to the modern concept of informatic administrative act. This effort represents a challenge for scholars, in order to understand whether the nature of administrative law may become a special attitude to transformation and adaptation

About a recent book by Franco Gaetano Scoca on post-unitarian brigandage

by Marco Mazzamuto

The paper deals with the causes of brigandage in the early years of Italian unification and the Government reaction by discussing the recent opinion expressed by Franco Gaetano Scoca. The paper also touches on the relationship between “modernity” and Southern societies.

The acción de lesividad in the new legal order

by Natalia Mortier

The paper is focused on the exam of the accion de lesividad in the Argentinian legal system. The analysis starts from the description of the legislative evolution and takes into account the main results in case law and in the doctrine. In this perspective, the relationship between the accion de lesividad and the possible nullity or invalidity of administrative measures is also carefully taken into account.

The regulation of public procurement: a comparison of experiences in Sicily and the rest of Italy

by Hadrian Simonetti

The paper examines the way in which European Directives on public procurement procedures are been implemented in our national and regional experiences, with particular reference to the region of Sicily where the Special Statute recognises a particular competence in this field and where appeals against the decisions of the Regional Administrative Court are brought before the Council of Administrative Justice for the Region of Sicily.

Observations on «conflict of interests» in the administrative procedure in the light of a recent ruling by the State Council

by Alessandro Berrettini

The conflict of interest in the administrative procedure, ex art. 6bis l. n. 241/1990, is one of the most important anticorruption measures introduced by l. n. 190/2012 in the Italian legal system. The purpose of this article is to understand the role of that legal framework, highlighting its lights and shadows, through the analysis of a recent ruling by the Council of State. This analysis will be based on the interpretative difficulties, encountered by first and second instance judges in the application of art. 6bis to the specific case, in order to recognize the innovative scope of the conflict of interest and the strength of the relations between art. 51 c.p.c. and the art. 6bis.

The private property’s acquisition by municipal power towards heirs unrelated to the infringement of local building regulations

by Antonio Liguori

The author investigates a ruling pertaining to the municipal acquisition of private property in case of illegal buildings when the owner, distinct from the builder, was ignorant of both the illegality of the structure and the existence of a demolition order. The seizure of the property was consequent to the unfulfillment of a demolition order of which the present owner was unaware, as he inherited the property on which the structure stands. This paper questions the coherence of the ruling, arguing that the nature of the sanction is not merely restorative but punitive, hence an investigation of the subjective element of the private party is needed, especially in borderline cases in which the incoherence of the legal framework is due to the inefficiency of the public administration.

The openness guarantees in electronic tendering procedures.

by Marco Pedersoli

The paper concerns the relationship between openness and new technologies in the tendering procedures. In particular it deepens the Italian Council of State decision number 4990 dated 2016, in which the Supreme Administrative Court rules that is not necessary to disclosure the offers in an open public session every time the procedure is managed by an electronic system. Indeed, according to the Court, the software assures the same transparency and openness as the public opening of the sealed envelopes, in addition to an easier participation to the procedure for tenderers far from the contracting authority.

L'articolo Nuove Autonomie 2-2017 proviene da Nuove Autonomie.

Indice
Dottrina

Filippo Salvia – Ancora sulla riemersione del Medioevo e sull’organizzazione mafiosa: incontri, scontri, trattative e nuove allocazioni del potere reale – 201
Silvia Tuccillo – Coordinate per uno studio sul carattere doveroso della funzione amministrativa – 233
Fortunato Gambardella – Contratti pubblici e politiche di liberalizzazione: il contratto di disponibilità – 273
Enrico Zampetti – La disciplina dell’autorizzazione paesaggistica tra esigenze di semplificazione e garanzie costituzionali – 316
Valeria Aveta – Brevi note sull’Abilitazione Scientifica Nazionale al vaglio del giudice amministrativo – 337
Andrea Milone – Sulla legittimità dell’Amministrazione statale a chiedere la trasposizione del ricorso straordinario al Capo dello Stato – 351

Giurisprudenza

Gaetano Armao – La nomina dei consulenti e degli esperti da parte del Sindaco e gli abusi in atti d’ufficio – 367

Abstracts

ON THE REEMERGENCE OF THE MIDDLE AGES AND ON THE MAFIA SYSTEM: ENCOUNTERS, CONFLICTS, NEGOTIATIONS AND NEW ALLOCATIONS OF THE REAL POWER

by Filippo Salvia

In the medieval system lacks the State. The “public” is pulverized from a myriad of different entities in their jurisdictions (Prince, the feud, the guilds, etc..), each of which exercises functions now carried out by public. The actual functioning of a system so fragmented is not the “law” – as is the case of modern jurisdictions – but the “contract”. The mafia organization is the product of a metamorphosis of feudal institutions: a legal organization pre-modern, but with a strong ability to adapt to new situations and to enter into a relationship with the “institutions” and real powers in the territory, according to the logic of agreements of the Middle Ages. In the era we live the processes of globalization in progress and the strengthening of the system of internal autonomy, have produced a “pluralism” much more akin to that of the pre-state systems than to those of the ‘800 and the first half of ‘900. The new archipelagos of power, made by the Committees of business, from P2 and similar can be explained in this sort of “State” without a center.

AN ANALYSIS ABOUT THE DUE EXERCISE OF ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS

by Silvia Tuccillo

This paper analyzes the concept of duty in administrative law and highlights how the accountability of administration is based on the public duties fulfillment. Fundamental is to define differences with the concept of obligation, because administrative powers are considered necessary just when the law affirm they are compulsory, but not either everywhere dispositions express the necessity to exercise power without indicate a sanction. The first doctrine that tried to study the principle of duty has concentrated its attention on the problem of “silence” with the aim of discovering the way to oblige administration to exercise its functions. The duty to give an answer to the citizen is the first sign of the due nature of administrative power. Later studies demonstrate that every time an interest need satisfaction through public power the observance of the administrative proceeding is compulsory. In this contest the guarantee of participation becomes fundamental even if some cases the Courts are considering participation not always necessary. Finding ontology of the principle of duty is essential to affirm administrative accountability. Statement of reason for administrative acts and conservative remedies are the best ways to guarantee a duty exercise of public function.

PUBLIC PROCUREMENT AND POLICY OF LIBERALIZATION: THE CONTRACT OF AVAILABILITY

by Fortunato Gambardella

In the last years, the lawmaker develops processes of liberalization not only in construction and trade but also in the public procurement market to get a greater opening to the competition. The recent normative provisions want to achieve an engagement of the private operators that exceeds the traditional model of realization of public works, through the most advanced instruments that draw the resources of the private operators for the ownership of the areas and for the means to achieve them. In this field fits the contract of availability (art. 44, d.l. n. 1/2014), it represents a contractual deed through which is given the task to a private operator to build and manage a work of private ownership to make available to the public administration upon payment of a periodic rent.

THE LANDSCAPE AUTHORIZATION REGULATION BETWEEN SEMPLIFICATION NEEDS AND CONSTITUCIONAL GUARANTEES

by Enrico Zampetti

The article is focused on the actual regulation foreseen in the landscape authorization field, in order to assess how – and to which extent – said regulation complies with the protection granted by the Constitution in favour of the environment-landscape. In particular, the analysis focuses on the provisions of said regulation that let the Proceeding Administration decide on regards to the request of authorization, even in the absence of the landscape compatibility evaluation – which competes to the Authority (Soprintendenza) – when said Authority has not issued the requested advice within the due deadline. Although the above indicated provisions are unquestionably explained by the need to simplify, as much as possible, the actual proceeding, said provisions are not in full compliance with the constitutional regulation that – particularly the proceedings characterized by a certain degree of complexity – such as the ones pertaining to environmental-landscapes issues – should always involve a clear and exhaustive evaluation of the protected right by the technically qualified and competent Authority.

BRIEF NOTES ON ENABLING THE NATIONAL SCIENTIFIC SCRUTINY OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE JUDGE

by Valeria Aveta

The academic recruitment system has been amended by law n. 240/2010 (called Gelimini reform), through the introduction of the National Academic Qualification procedure. The results of the first application of the new system have allowed the judge to rule – by now only in interlocutory proceedings – about some problems concerning the procedure and the evaluation committees role. In particular, doubts have been raised about the legitimacy of preliminary procedures, about the parameters binding nature and about unequal treatment of candidates. The present work aims to examine – in the light of the main judicial decisions – the most relevant critical issues that characterize the current discipline, mainly related to the selective procedures uncertain nature, in tension between mere ratifications and actual competitions, as well as to the degree of discretion which has to be recognized on the evaluation committees.

THE LEGITIMATION TO ASK THE TRANSPOSITION OF THE EXTRAORDINARY APPEAL TO PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC BY THE STATE ADMINISTRATION

by Andrea Milone

The legitimation to ask the transposition of the extraordinary appeal to President of the Republic also by the State Administration (as defendant) is a profile recently widely discussed both in doctrine and in jurisprudence. In accordance with the article 10 of D.P.R. n. 1199/1971, as is well known, the counterparties can object to decide the dispute in the extraordinary branch and ask the transposition in judicial branch. This option, following the judjement 29 july 1982, n. 148 of Constitutional Court, has been extended also to non-government administrations as defendants; subsequently, as a result of several reforms – introduced by law n. 69/2009, which provided that the Council of State advice is binding, by the article 48 of the Administrative procedure code and by case-law – the former reasons behind the exclusion of the opposition to the discussion of the appeal in the extraordinary branch also by the State Administration seems failed.

THE APPOINTMENT OF EXPERTS AND CONSULTANTS BY THE MAYOR AND THE ABUSE OF DISCRETION

by Gaetano Armao

This work, by commenting the judgement n. 340/2013, given by the criminal division of the Court of Trapani, is focused of analyzing – with an original and new perspective – administrative jurisdiction of the Mayor in appointing “experts” in the Sicilian Regional System of local autonomy (art. 14 of Sicilian Regional law n. 7/1992 and integrations) and the influence/application of disposition on the paragraphs 6 and 6 bis of art. 7 of Legislative Decree n. 165/2001 and integrations, focusing on difference between the charges of expert and consultant. In this way, the Sicilian system of local autonomies, by giving to the Mayor specific charges, in addition to the ones given by the law and by the Statue to the City Council, to the Municipal Government, to the Devolution Organs, to the Secretary and to the executives, assigns to the Mayor the faculty of appointing experts in specific fields, regardless to the pre-existence of a special Administrative and Bureaucracy structure, other than the one which is provided for the appointment of consultants, the whose, if aren’t numerically restricted, are fully ruled by National law in the field of Public employment (also in Sicily). In this sense, the interpretation of the art. 14 of the Sicilian Regional Law n. 7/1992 and integrations, allows to consider the appointment if an expert, by the Mayor, as a special prerogative of his functions, characterized by a link of trust between the public administrator and the appointed professional, but still under the terms and conditions provided by the foresaid law which is, in any case, different from the common power of appointing simple consultants.

L'articolo Nuove Autonomie 2-2014 proviene da Nuove Autonomie.