INDICE

SAGGI

Marco Calabrò – Participatory urban regeneration models: the inclusive dimension of sustainability

Raffaele Picaro – Il Building Information Modeling e la gestione digitale del ciclo di vita del contratto pubblico nel d.lgs. n. 36/2023

Fabio Saitta – Il servizio sanitario nazionale: punti fermi e prospettive evolutive

Anna Simonati – Usi civici e patrimonio culturale, fra tassonomie e profili operativi

Alberto Zito – Crisi del principio di legalità e partecipazione ai processi decisionali della pubblica amministrazione in funzione compensativa: premesse per una ricostruzione sistematica del fenomeno

Rosa Geraci – Brain drain e agevolazioni alle imprese che investono in ricerca e sviluppo nell’ordinamento giuridico italiano

Bruno Mercurio, Carolina Cappabianca – Il silenzio assenso nella formazione del permesso di costruire e dell’autorizzazione paesaggistica: fra incertezza dei rapporti e sbilanciamento degli interessi pubblici. La semplificazione che non giova

Daniela Pappadà – Il costo dell’insularità: un problema irrisolto

Vincenzo Desantis – Lo sviluppo (in)sostenibile. Come rileggere il futuro attraverso la Costituzione

Angiola Giovanna Modano – Tutela sistemica dell’ambiente e dei modelli di responsabilità nella prospettiva della bonifica dei siti contaminati

Vittorio Toffaletti – Riflessioni sulla figura del ricorrente “ad hoc” in materia ambientale nel processo amministrativo

Jacopo Vavalli – Lo Stato dinanzi alla evoluzione digitale: la funzione regolatrice del diritto amministrativo in ordine al complesso rapporto tra lo Stato costituzionale di diritto e gli “Stati digitali”

LA DOTTRINA DIALOGA CON LA GIURISPRUDENZA

Gaetano Armao – Il “principio di coesione insulare” e l’incerta lettura della Corte Costituzionale

Lidia Aiello – Paesaggio, agricoltura, energia: il modello dell’agri-voltaico

L'articolo Nuove Autonomie – Numero 1/2-2024 proviene da Nuove Autonomie.

Abstract
Quando ci occupiamo di città, dobbiamo ampliare il concetto di sostenibilità aggiungendo – alle tre dimensioni “classiche” (ambientale, sociale ed economica) – una quarta: l’inclusività. Partendo da questa premessa, il contributo analizza il ruolo centrale della partecipazione nei processi di rigenerazione urbana, quale fattore essenziale per raggiungere un’effettiva inclusione territoriale. In particolare, esistono due modelli di rigenerazione urbana partecipata: a) il primo, dove la partecipazione mira a recepire le istanze dal basso ed a coinvolgere i soggetti nell’attuazione delle scelte pubbliche; b) la seconda, dove la partecipazione assume una dimensione più proattiva, consistente nell’iniziativa cittadina per la gestione del patrimonio pubblico urbano. Dall’analisi di alcuni casi studio, emerge che l’utilizzo di modelli decisionali partecipati e il coinvolgimento dei cittadini nella gestione dei beni comuni urbani diventano strumenti preziosi per garantire l’esercizio di quei diritti di libertà attiva e partecipazione consapevole legati alla idea di città come luogo di inclusione.

When we deal with cities, we have to broaden the concept of sustainability by adding – to the three “classic” dimensions (environmental, social and economic) – a fourth one: inclusiveness. Starting from this premise, the paper analyses the central role of participation in urban regeneration processes, as an essential factor for achieving effective territorial inclusion. In particular, there are two models of participatory urban regeneration: a) the first one, where participation aims at receiving requests from below and involving individuals in the implementation of public choices; b) the second one, where participation takes on a more proactive dimension, consisting in citizen initiative for the management of public urban assets. From the analysis of several case studies, it emerges that the use of participatory decision-making models and the involvement of citizens in the management of urban commons become precious tools for guaranteeing the exercise of those rights of active freedom and conscious participation linked to a n idea of the city as a place of inclusion.

L'articolo Participatory urban regeneration models: the inclusive dimension of sustainability** proviene da Nuove Autonomie.

Sommario: 1. La rinnovata protezione costituzionale dell’ambiente di cui ai novellati artt. 9 e 41 Cost. e i riflessi sul regime delle competenze. – 2. La problematica individuazione dei Livelli essenziali delle prestazioni in materia ambientale e gli ostacoli ad una autonomia differenziata ecologicamente orientata.

1. La rinnovata protezione costituzionale dell’ambiente di cui ai novellati artt. 9 e 41 Cost. e i riflessi sul regime delle competenze.

La modifica degli artt. 9 e 41 Cost. operata dalla legge costituzionale n. 1/2022¹ consente di analizzare la materia ambientale anche volgendo lo sguardo al tema della distribuzione della potestà legislativa e, in particolare, all’attuazione della c.d. autonomia differenziata, così come prospettata nel recente d.d.l. Calderoli².
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L'articolo Ambiente ed ecosistema nel modello dell’autonomia differenziata proviene da Nuove Autonomie.

Sommario: 1. La vicenda. – 2. La rilevanza del principio di precauzione nelle politiche pubbliche in periodo emergenziale. – 3. La prospettata applicazione del principio di precauzione “in modo inverso”: un modello che non convince. – 4. Conclusioni. La “tirannia” solidaristica e il mancato bilanciamento tra la dimensione individuale e collettiva del diritto alla salute.

1. La vicenda

Con ordinanza n. 38 del 17 gennaio 2022, il Consiglio di Giustizia Amministrativa per la Regione Siciliana – chiamato a pronunciarsi sulla rilevanza e non manifesta infondatezza della questione di legittimità costituzionale dell’art. 4. d.l. n. 44/2021, nella parte in cui impone l’obbligo vaccinale da Covid-19 per gli esercenti le professioni sanitarie e gli operatori di interesse sanitario – ordina al Ministero della Salute di realizzare un’istruttoria relativa ad una serie di profili e di presentare una dettagliata relazione, al fine di fornire al Collegio tutti gli elementi necessari per decidere circa la sussistenza o meno dei presupposti per
il rinvio della questione alla Consulta. La vicenda origina da un ricorso presentato da uno studente di Scienze infermieristiche avverso l’atto con il quale il Rettore dell’Università di Palermo gli aveva negato la possibilità di svolgere il tirocinio formativo all’interno delle strutture sanitarie, in quanto non vaccinato. In disparte alcuni profili di illegittimità del provvedimento rettorale, parte ricorrente eccepiva l’incostituzionalità della citata disposizione normativa sulla base di una serie di elementi, tutti sostanzialmente legati al presunto carattere “sperimentale” dei vaccini attualmente in circolazione, nonché alla violazione del principio sul libero consenso alle sperimentazioni¹.

Non è la prima volta che la questione della legittimità costituzionale dell’art. 4 cit. viene prospettata innanzi al giudice amministrativo; tuttavia nelle precedenti occasioni essa è stata sempre esclusa², attraverso il richiamo di quel consolidato orientamento della Consulta secondo cui l’imposizione normativa di un obbligo vaccinale sarebbe compatibile con l’art. 32 Cost. – in quanto coerente con la qualificazione della tutela della salute non solo come diritto dell’individuo ma anche come diritto della collettività – purchè il vaccino non incida negativamente sullo stato di salute di colui che è obbligato, salvo che per quelle sole conseguenze che appaiano normali e, pertanto, tollerabili; e in ogni caso purché sia prevista, nell’ipotesi di danno ulteriore, la corresponsione di una equa indennità in favore del danneggiato³. Ebbene, la pronuncia in commento appare di notevole interesse, non solo in quanto per prima sembra “aprire” alla possibile sottoponibilità della questione alla Corte Costituzionale⁴, ma anche in ragione della completezza della disamina dei molteplici profili di specificità che connotano la disciplina in esame e che potrebbero giustificare l’eventuale rinvio alla valutazione della legittimità della stessa alla Consulta.

L'articolo Obbligo vaccinale e (presunta) applicazione<br>del principio di precauzione “in modo inverso” proviene da Nuove Autonomie.

INDICE
DOTTRINA

Judith Gifreu Font – La sfida delle periferie urbane: il diritto all’alloggio come strategia di integrazione urbana – 5
Estefânia Maria de Queiroz Barboza – New possibilities for judicial decision-making in Brazil: an approximation with the common law system – 27
Gaetano Armao – Santi Romano protagonista della Scuola palermitana di diritto pubblico – 47
Marco Calabrò – Diritti di accesso e profili rimediali. Spunti di riflessione per l’introduzione di una ipotesi di giurisdizione condizionata – 63
Niccolò Maria D’Alessandro – L’Autorità Nazionale Anticorruzione: spunti di riflessione alla luce delle modifiche al codice dei contratti pubblici – 83
Paolo Provenzano – Procedure competitive telematiche e malfunzionamento del sistema – 105
Gianpiero Zinzi – La valorizzazione di grandi attrattori culturali tra dinamiche di cooperazione istituzionale e modelli di turismo sostenibile. Le funzioni e i modelli di gestione dei beni culturali: il governo del territorio e il caso Pompei – 119
Serenella Pieroni – Il patrimonio culturale cittadino tra Art Bonus e sponsorizzazioni (…mira videre potes) – 171

Abstract

The challenge of urban peripheries: the right to housing as an urban integration strategy

by Judith Gifreu Font

This article explores the evolution of urban peripheries in Spain and the role of housing in this phenomenon. At first, the growth of the urban periphery of large cities responds to the migratory activity, which accommodates the thousands of residents from other parts of the country in degraded and poorly consolidated neighborhoods, with blocks of flats of low constructive quality and few equipment and public services. But at the end of the 20th century, with the real estate boom, a new generation of peripheries emerged, with a different meaning from the first. It is no longer about self-construction spaces or housing polygons. This new arrangement of the urban outskirts welcomes urban development projects that adopt an urban dispersion strategy typical of the diffuse city model, with a low-density residential plot and strong land consumption and quality single-family housing for a high-income population. With this new periphery, suburban growth patterns undergo a profound change: living in the periphery is no longer synonymous with marginal urbanization, but a symbol of success.

New possibilities for judicial decision-making in Brazil: an approximation with the common law system

by Estefània Maria de Queiroz Barboza

This article analyzes the new interpretation and application of law introduced by the centrality of human and fundamental rights in the second half of the twentieth century, which led the preponderance of the judiciary in moral and political decisions of the State to assume the role of judge-made-law, which is traditional to Common Law systems. When the law is interpreted, the rule only exists in practice; therefore, legal security can no longer be found in written texts. This work also advocates the use of the doctrine of stare decisis, which, in turn, is compatible with Dworkin’s model of law as integrity, for the guarantee of legal certainty, predictability and stability of judgments. For this reason, the work brings the systems of civil law and common law within the constitutional jurisdiction, particularly in the constitutional review based on human or fundamental rights. To support the thesis, the work indicates that the material fundamentality of human rights has moral content and serves as a bellwether for judicial review in both systems, whether implied or not in a written constitutional document. Additionally, from the study of Dworkin’s “law as integrity”, this work concludes that it is possible to adopt the doctrine of stare decisis and apply the value of integrity in adjudication in the Brazilian Constitutional Jurisdiction, which will ensure consistency, stability, predictability and judicial security of its decisions.

Santi Romano protagonist of the public law school of Palermo

by Gaetano Armao

This brief essay recalls, in the one hundred years of the publication of the “Legal order” of Santi Romano, the strong links between the great scholar and the school of public law of the University of Palermo, founded by Vittorio Emanuele Orlando, who accompanied the first steps in legal education and scientific research.

Remedies for violations of rights of access. The hypothesis of the introduction of a conditional jurisdiction system.

by Marco Calabrò

This paper starts from the consideration that – despite the recent enhancement of the principle of transparency that has affected the Italian legal system, as well as the (apparently) incontrovertible limits imposed on the exercise of the several rights of access (documental, civic and generalized) – still today there are numerous cases in which the citizen is illegitimately denied or deferred his right of access to documents and information held by the public administration. The relevance of the underlying interests (pursuant to article 29, paragraph 2- bis of Law 241/1990, the right of access pertains to the essential levels of benefits and services referred to the article 117, paragraph 2, letter m) of the Italian Constitution), has therefore long led the Italian legislator to introduce a special jurisdictional proceeding, inspired by the criterions of simplicity and speed. Starting from these premises, the paper – after a brief examination of the main characteristics of the special proceeding aimed at protecting the rights of access and of some of its limits in terms of effectiveness – focuses at first, critically, on the choice of the Italian legislator to extend tout court the aforementioned special proceeding also to the rights of access more recently introduced (civic and generalized), despite the deep differences (in terms of assumptions and purposes) existing between these new rights and the right of access ex artt. 22 and ss., L.n. 241/1990. The critical issues that emerge from the point of view of jurisdictional protection lead, then, to the examination of the degree of effectiveness that can be found in the models of alternative dispute resolution remedies to protect rights of access, included in the Italian legal system. With this in mind, the contribution aims to bring out the advantages, for the citizen injured in his rights of access to administrative documents, in using non-jurisdictional remedies, in terms of effectiveness, cost and speed. In the light of the results, the author concludes illustrating, de iure condendo, the benefits deriving from the possible introduction of a situation of conditional jurisdiction (to a previous experiment of an administrative remedy) in the particular context of the protection of rights of access.

The national anti-corruption authority: food for thought in light of changes to the code of public contracts

by Niccolò Maria D’Alessandro

The present work is initially aimed at illustrating the main functions attributed by the legislator to the National Anti-corruption Authority in the recent code of public contracts. Subsequently, particular attention will be dedicated to the cd. ANAC’s prelitigation function, which – as we will have to observe – raises many doubts with a view to deflation of the dispute. In fact, among the various legislative measures following the entry into force of the new code of public contracts referred to in Legislative Decree no. 50/2016 to the ANAC was given an important – perhaps excessive – jurisdictional (para) function that contrasts with art. 102, paragraph 2 of the Constitution, which makes it possible for the same to act in court if he sees an irregularity in the public procedure.

Competitive telematic procedures and system malfunction

by Paolo Provenzano

Abstract: In the broader context of the digitization process for the administrative action, this essay critically examines the problems encountered in competitive telematic procedures in case of system malfunction.

The enhancement of great cultural attractors between institutional co-operation dynamics and sustainable tourism models. Cultural heritage functions and management models: the government of a territory and the Pompei case

by Gianpiero Zinzi

This article analyses the importance and advisability of the enhancement of hystorical-architectural cultural assets held by a territory, with regard to the public-private forms of partnerships offered by legislation. The analysis is the setting for the Pompei site restoration example, while pointing out the necessity of updated forms of co-operation with private entities or individuals, aimed at heritage development and at care, not simply tutelage, of public goods, in a vision based on the equilibrium between the ability of the national or local administration to identify a cultural patrimony and deal with its management, protecting its identity, and with the participation of the population. For without a good public administration and a sound private dimension education – so without shared values– this is not to be conceived as possible.

The citizen cultural heritage between art bonus and sponsorship

by Serenella Pieroni

The essay deals with the involvement of the citizens in projects of restoration of cultural goods. Starting from the national law about “art bonus” and sponsorships, the analysis continues checking how the city of Perugia achieved the collaborative “ratio” of the law, thanks to concrete and opportune initiatives.

L'articolo Nuove Autonomie 1-2018 proviene da Nuove Autonomie.

INDICE
Dottrina

Antonio Ruggeri – Verso una revisione della forma costituzionale dello Stato – 5
Mario R. Spasiano – Conflitto di interessi ed esercizio delle professioni – 45
Alessandro Morelli – Le diverse configurazioni dell’autonomia nei due ambiti funzionali dell’istruzione e della sanità – 63
Stefano Agosta – La responsabilità per danno ambientale nell’ordito di competenze tra Protezione civile e poteri prefettizi – 89
Marco Calabrò – La disciplina dei porti in Italia: caratteri, criticità e prospettive – 99
Matteo Pati – Alcune considerazioni sulla c.d. riserva di legge costituzionale in materia di immunità delle alte cariche dello Stato – 131
Valentina Prudente – In tema di partecipazione degli stranieri all’amministrazione locale – 149

Abstracts

TOWARDS A CONSTITUTIONAL REVIEW OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL FORM OF STATE

by Antonio Ruggeri

The paper analyzes the reasons and the targets of a possible constitutional amendment in the present political moment in Italy and the procedural alternatives this review might follow (art. 18 Cost. or a different procedure). For what concerns Tit. V, Part II of the Constitution every abstract division of normative powers between State and Regions taking with the proposal of restrain regional “concurring” legislative power is not good, as well as the proposal of a double catalogue of matters of regional legislative powers both “concurring” or “full” (also called “residual”) legislative power. The governmental constitutional amendment proposal seems highly problematic for what concerns the idea of regional autonomy and its artificial distinction in special and ordinary autonomy (it would have been better to define a plural and flexible with a “specialità diffusa”). It is necessary to correct the idea of autonomy, not as a power, but as a service to the community, in the supranational context, in which the Region can be an active subject, and at the state level, with a regional branch of Parliament and a new model of constitutional amendment procedure and a different structure of constitutional review of legislation when there are Regions and State which act in front of the Constitutional Court.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST AND PRACTICE OF PROFESSIONS

by Mario R. Spasiano

The aim of this article is, first of all, to give a correct and systematic legal framework to the not univocal conception of conflict of interest, underlining the several peculiarities connected to the different legal contexts (civil, public, criminal) where it can appear. In the light of the exam of legislation and judgments, arises that, in the civil context, the conflict of interest often emerges only in the presence of a real prejudice caused to another interest; while, on the contrary, in the public context is possible to find also conflict of interest hypotheses relevant in terms of mere potentiality. Once outlined the main systematic profiles, the author analyses the most interesting cases of conflict of interest emerging during the practice of professions, in particular the medical one. In this context, the current legislation is fragmentary and often does not allow the distinction between real or potential hypotheses of conflict of interest; so, the author affirms that there is a strong need of a more detailed regulation, also through the enhancement of the codes of conduct stated by each professional association, designated also to monitor the practice of professions liberty and fairness.

THE DIFFERENT CONFIGURATIONS OF AUTONOMY IN THE TWO FUNCTIONAL DOMAINS OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH

by Alessandro Morelli

The paper examines the constitutional principle of autonomy, with specific reference to education and health matters. Within the paper it is used the distinction between exclusive, non-exclusive and inclusive goods in order to distinguish between different ways for independent bodies to provide services. From such standpoint, the services related to education seem to be more inclusive than those related to the field of the health. However, according to the paper, the Constitution provides that each provider of services related to social rights must achieve the highest degree of inclusion as possible in the relevant historical context.

PREFECTURAL POWERS AND CIVIL PROTECTION IN THE FIELD OF ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE

by Stefano Agosta

On the issue of liability and compensation for environmental damage, the work begins with a sort of “flashback” to delineate limits and poker of the competent authority to the establishment of such damage in Italian system. The Legislative Decree no. 152/2006 sets up the central axis Government Minister for the Environment/Prefect: in particular, the Prefect largely gets involved with establishment and resulting amount of environmental damage because the usually functions as deputy commissioner for the emergency, according to the provisions of Law no. 225/1992. Anyway, some gray areas appear to go on respect to full compliance of the Constitution (in particular, for example, into governance, center-periphery relationships and legal sources system, above all): they go in spite of the recent restrictive of Prefect’s necessary and urgent power reform of Civil Protection (in this way, Decree Law no. 59/2012 approved, with amendments, by Law no. 100/2012).

THE ITALIAN PORT LEGISLATION: FEATURES, CRITICAL ASPECTS, AND PROSPECTS

by Marco Calabrò

The current Italian national port legislation (l.n. 84/1994) appears by now, from several perspectives, unsuitable to a modern idea of port, as “passage” of economic trades, element of a wider logistic chain. This article – even through the exam of an interesting draft bill recently presented to the Parliament – intends to underline the main critical aspects of the mentioned legislation (concerning, for example, the unclear role of the Port Authorities, the complexity of the port planning model, the lack of a sufficient logistic system, etc.), pointing out possible legal solutions able to increase competitiveness and effectiveness of Italian harbours, which to this day shows a relevant deficit compared to the North Europe and Mediterranean ports.

THE ISSUE OF THE RESERVE OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW ON THE IMMUNITY OF THE “HIGH CHARGES” OF THE STATE

by Matteo Pati

The present paper aims to illustrate – in its essential points – the vexata quaestio concerning the existence in the constitutional Text of constraints for the ordinary legislator to extend the derogations from the ordinary law in favor of the supreme political organs of the State. Starting from a rational positioning of the constitutional prerogatives within the system of the Charter, the latest regulatory actions will be commented in the light of the case law and the prevailing doctrinal positions, in order to propose a constitutionally-oriented reading of the “protective” mechanisms provided by the republican Constitution. This purpose will be reached by taking into account the different constitutional values and principles involved, trying to provide a balance between them, that may conform to the democratic structure of our constitutional order and identifying, consequently, the extent of the limits imposed on their vision.

LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND POLITICAL PARTICIPATION OF STRANGERS COMING FROM NON-EU COUNTRIES

by Valentina Prudente

The cultural and social integration of strangers in the life of the community in which they live, is brought to the exercise of democratic rights granted to citizens residents. In the Italian system is still an open question about the attribution of voting rights to immigrants from non-EU countries, but at the same time new forms of participation have emerged at the local level. This paper examines the current state of our legislation and some case studies about experienced participation at the level of local government.

L'articolo Nuove Autonomie 1-2013 proviene da Nuove Autonomie.

INDICE

Editoriale di Giuseppe Verde – 3

DOTTRINA

PAOLO DELL’ANNO – Le trasformazioni del diritto ambientale – 7
GUIDO CORSO – MARIA CRISTINA CAVALLARO – Il sindacato giurisdizionale della Corte dei Conti sull’atto amministrativo – 17
ANTONIO RUGGERI – Composizione delle norme in sistema e ruolo dei giudici a garanzia dei diritti fondamentali e nella costruzione di un ordinamento “intercostituzionale” – 29
FABIO SAITTA – Dalla Filippica di Einaudi alla riforma Gelmini: il punto dopo mezzo secolo di discussioni sul valore legale dei titoli di studio – 59
MARIO SPASIANO – Riflessioni sparse in tema di semplificazione amministrativa – 75
MARCO CALABRÒ – La presunta natura giuridica ibrida del ricorso straordinario al Capo dello Stato: tra amministrazione e giurisdizione – 87
TULLIO FENUCCI – Il federalismo negli USA e in Germania: due modelli a confronto – 105
ANNA LAZZARO – Strumenti e sedi della collaborazione tra enti. Una di sciplina da definire– 133

GIURISPRUDENZA

CORTE COSTITUZIONALE sentenza 15-23 dicembre 2008, n. 438 con nota di ELISA CAVASINO – 165
CORTE COSTITUZIONALE sentenza 4-8 maggio 2009, n. 149 con nota di GIOVANNI SCALA – 177
CONSIGLIO DI GIUSTIZIA AMMINISTRATIVA PER LA REGIONE SICILIA sentenza 9 dicembre 2008, n. 1005 con nota di SIMONA BALZANO – 187

OSSERVATORIO PARLAMENTARE REGIONALE – 201

RASSEGNE

Rassegna della giurisprudenza del Consiglio di Stato di SALVATORE DETTORI – 241
Rassegna della giurisprudenza del Consiglio di giustizia amministrativa per la regione Sicilia di CRISTIANO CELONE e LAURA TRIZZINO – 255
Rassegna della giurisprudenza dei Tribunali amministrativi regionali di SARA FORASASSI – 263

L'articolo Nuove Autonomie 1-2009 proviene da Nuove Autonomie.